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  • OUGHT TO. Значение Пример Obligation (neither speaker’s authority or external authority) · advisability You ought






     

      Значение Пример
      Obligation (neither speaker’s authority or external authority)  
    · advisability You ought to read this book. It’s very good.
    · desirability You ought to say a word or two about yourself.
    · duty You ought to feel some respect for your elders.
    · appropriateness At your age you ought to be earning your living.
      Deduction  
    · flattery You ought to be very pleased, oughtn’t you?
    · assumption The plane ought to be taking off in a minute.
    · deduction The new sanatorium ought to be very comfortable.
    · criticism You’re paler than you ought to be.

     

    SHOULD

     

      Значение Пример
      Obligation (neither speaker’s authority or external authority)  
    · advisability You shouldn’t feel unhappy over such trifles.
    · desirability He looks very ill. He should have stayed at home.
    · duty You should send in accurate income tax returns.
    · appropriateness You should have something better to do with your time.
    · instruction You should use the definite article in this sentence.
      Deduction  
    · deduction The film should be very good as it’s starring first-class actors.
    · assumption He should have finished the translation by now.
      Emotional use  
    · rhetorical questions Why shouldn’t you invite him?
    · object clauses beginning with Why I don’t see why we should make friends.  
    · attributive clauses beginning with Why after the noun reason There’s no reason why they shouldn’t get on very well together.
    · constructions and set phrases Who should come in but his first wife!
    · subjunctive mood She was terrified lest they should go on talking about her.

     

    SHALL

     

      Значение Пример
      Prediction I shall come into his money in time.
      Volition (speaker’s authority)  
    · promise You shall have my answer tomorrow.
    · intention I shall marry Francis whatever happens.
    · threat ‘You shall stay just where you are! ’ his mother cried angrily.
    · warning You shan’t find it easy to accept.
    · offer Shall I carry that for you?
    · suggestion Shall we tell him?
    · instruction Members shall enter the names of their guests in the book provided.
    · request for advice Which one shall I buy?

     

    4.10. WILL / WOULD

     

      Значение Пример
      Prediction  
    · pure future He knows he will be late. / He knew he would be late.
    · present predictive He’ ll have finished his supper by now. / Who would that be?
    · habitual predictive An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street. / On Sundays he would getup early and go fishing.
      Volition  
    · willingness I’ ll have a sherry, please.  
    · invitation Will you have a drink? / What would you like to drink?
    · intention He wouldn’t help me yesterday. / I keep asking him for help but he won’t help me.
    · insistence If you will keep your watch half an hour slow it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments. / We all tried to stop him smoking in bed but he would do it.
      Informal use expressing a characteristic action (would) Bill objected. – He would!
      Assumption (will) That will be Ann.

     






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