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Every year ( week, month, day )
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О.М. Набока
Н.О. Коваль
ENGLISH TENSES
THEORY
«Астропринт»
Одеса
Автори-укладачі: О.М. Набока, доцент кафедри іноземних мов гуманітарних
факультетів ОНУ;
Н.О. Коваль, викладач кафедри іноземних мов гуманітарних факультетів ОНУ;
Друкується за рішенням Вченої ради Інституту соціальних наук Одеського національного університету ім. І. І. Мечникова
Протокол № ____ від _________ 2006 р.
CONTENTS
The Present Indefinite Tense……………………………………………………………….4
The Present Continuous Tense……………………………………………………………..8
The Present Perfect Tense……………………………………………………………….. 30
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense…………………………………………………….33
The Past Indefinite Tense…………………………………………………………………15
The Past Continuous Tense……………………………………………………………….20
The Past Perfect Tense……………………………………………………………………36
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense………………………………………………………39
The Future Indefinite Tense……………………………………………………………….26
The Future Continuous Tense…………………………………………………………….29
The Future Perfect Tense …………………………………………………………………41
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense …………………………………………………….43
The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45
THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.
1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.
The third person singular adds –s; -es to the Infinitive.
2. The interrogative and the negative forms are formed by means of the Present
Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to do and the infinitive of the notional verb
without the particle to.
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
I work Do I work? I do not work
He works Does he work? He does not work
She works Does she work? She does not work
We work Do we work? We do not work
You work Do you work? You do not work
They work Do they work? They do not work
3. The contracted negative forms are:
I don’t work
He doesn’t work
They don’t work
4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
Do you not work?
Don’t you work?
Does he not work?
Doesn’t he work?
II. SPELLING NOTES
Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -о add es, instead of s alone, to form the third person singular:
I kiss, he kisses I box, he boxes
I rush, he rushes I do, he does
I watch, he watches I go, he goes
When -у follows a consonant we change the у into i and add -es:
I carry, he carries
I copy, he copies
I try, he tries
but verbs ending in у following a vowel obey the usual rule:
I obey, he obeys
I say, he says
III. The Present Indefinite is used in the following cases:
To denote habitual actions, to state facts in the present.
I live in St.-Petersburg.
Most dogs bark.
To state general rules or laws of nature, that is to show that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future.
Snow melts at 0 C.
Two plus two makes four.
To denote recurrent actions or everyday activity. This use is often associated with such adverbial modifiers of frequency as often
Seldom
Sometimes
Occasionally
Always
Never
Ever
every year (week, month, day)
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