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  • Every year ( week, month, day )






    О.М. Набока

    Н.О. Коваль

     

    ENGLISH TENSES

    THEORY

     

    «Астропринт»

    Одеса

     

    Автори-укладачі: О.М. Набока, доцент кафедри іноземних мов гуманітарних

    факультетів ОНУ;

    Н.О. Коваль, викладач кафедри іноземних мов гуманітарних факультетів ОНУ;

     

     

     

    Друкується за рішенням Вченої ради Інституту соціальних наук Одеського національного університету ім. І. І. Мечникова

    Протокол № ____ від _________ 2006 р.

     

    CONTENTS

     

     

     

    The Present Indefinite Tense……………………………………………………………….4

    The Present Continuous Tense……………………………………………………………..8

    The Present Perfect Tense……………………………………………………………….. 30

    The Present Perfect Continuous Tense…………………………………………………….33

    The Past Indefinite Tense…………………………………………………………………15

    The Past Continuous Tense……………………………………………………………….20

    The Past Perfect Tense……………………………………………………………………36

    The Past Perfect Continuous Tense………………………………………………………39

    The Future Indefinite Tense……………………………………………………………….26

    The Future Continuous Tense…………………………………………………………….29

    The Future Perfect Tense …………………………………………………………………41

    The Future Perfect Continuous Tense …………………………………………………….43

    The Future-In-The-Past Tense……………………………………………………………..45

     

     

    THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE

     

    I. The formation of the Present Indefinite.

    1. The Present Indefinite is formed from the infinitive without the particle to.

    The third person singular adds –s; -es to the Infinitive.

     

    2. The interrogative and the negative forms are formed by means of the Present

    Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to do and the infinitive of the notional verb

    without the particle to.

    Affirmative Interrogative Negative

    I work Do I work? I do not work

    He works Does he work? He does not work

    She works Does she work? She does not work

    We work Do we work? We do not work

    You work Do you work? You do not work

    They work Do they work? They do not work

    3. The contracted negative forms are:

     

    I don’t work

    He doesn’t work

    They don’t work

     

    4. The negative-interrogative forms are:

     

    Do you not work?

    Don’t you work?

    Does he not work?

    Doesn’t he work?

     

    II. SPELLING NOTES

    Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -о add es, instead of s alone, to form the third person singular:

     

    I kiss, he kisses I box, he boxes

    I rush, he rushes I do, he does

    I watch, he watches I go, he goes

    When -у follows a consonant we change the у into i and add -es:

    I carry, he carries

    I copy, he copies

    I try, he tries

    but verbs ending in у following a vowel obey the usual rule:

    I obey, he obeys

    I say, he says

    III. The Present Indefinite is used in the following cases:

    To denote habitual actions, to state facts in the present.

    I live in St.-Petersburg.

    Most dogs bark.

     

    To state general rules or laws of nature, that is to show that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future.

    Snow melts at 0 C.

    Two plus two makes four.

     

    To denote recurrent actions or everyday activity. This use is often associated with such adverbial modifiers of frequency as often

    Seldom

    Sometimes

    Occasionally

    Always

    Never

    Ever

    every year (week, month, day)






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