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  • Connectors






    - conjunctions ‘thus, however, therefore’ /also ‘furthermore, nevertheless, consequently, etc.’/

    - phrases /‘in fact, in short, in general, in this way, in other words, as we have just seen’/

    - subordinating conjunctions, referential pronouns, demonstrative pronouns /hierarchy/

    Modals /must, should, ought, can, may, might/

    - little semantic meaning, esp. when followed by verbs ‘to note, notice, remark, observe, mention’

    - expression of objective propositional modality /‘it might be remarked that…’/

    - ‘should’ preferred to ‘must’ /‘safety precautions should be observed at all times’/

    - the verb ‘would’ for repeated action /‘the instrument would give readings every ten minutes’/

    - the verbs ‘will, to be, to let’ will little semantic and more modal meaning /‘it is also to be noted that…; it will be noticed that…; let it be mentioned that…’/

    - the verbs ‘to seem, to appear’ for understatement for the sake of objectivity

    Lexical Features

    - most frequent word categories: nouns and adjectives

    - terminology = words with clearly defined fixed meaning in a particular scientific discipline

    - half-terms shared by all sciences /‘process, effect, feature; to function, operate, modify’/

    - bookish words /‘negligible, obviate, propagate’/

    - proper names, numbers, figures

    - neutral expressions

    - no words outside the standard language variety; no dialect, no slang

    - no emotional words, no interjections, no phraseology

    x but: some terms emotional for the sake of expressing their motivation /‘dead space; conductor alive; soft-landing; splash-down; hardware; Big Bang’/

    x AmE: emotional words, colloquial words, similes esp. in titles /‘saving lasers from suicide; the laser goes to the office’/

    Special Nomenclature

    - scientific terminology: hepatitis, hypnosis, arthritic disorders, virus, millimetre; impressionism, rotunda, mezzo soprano; dolomite prairies, gravely soils, limestone, sea level; Milky Way, black hole; Velvet Revolution

    Popular Scientific Style

    Relations to Other Styles

    - influenced by the colloquial style

    - shares some features with the publicistic style

    - also shares some features with the colloquial style

    Functions

    - provides information

    - informs about latest developments in various scientific fields

    - presents even complicated topics in an interesting way

    - popularises the scientific style

    - addresses general public

    General Characteristics

    - scientific style x popular scientific style

    - more graphics

    - more descriptive






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