Студопедия

Главная страница Случайная страница

Разделы сайта

АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатикаИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханикаОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторикаСоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансыХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника






Nouns not normally countable in English






accommodation chaos furniture luggage permission travel
advice damage information machinery progress wealth
baggage equipment jewelry money scenery weather
behavior evidence luck news traffic work

 

· But: It is possible to say works” when it means «труды» (the works of Plato and Aristotel)

· They are not used with “a”, or with numbers.

Political behavior is studied by political scientists.

· Uncountable nouns are used with “the” when they refer to something that is specified or known.

A polity is a system of social organization centered upon the machinery of government.

· Some uncountable nouns end in “- s ” but are actually singular and take singular verbs. They refer to:

subjects of study: economics politics statistics mathematics physics
activities: athletics gymnastics      
games: darts cards      
illnesses: measles mumps      

Politics is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live.

· But when the reference is specific, the verb must be plural.

Their statistics are extremely helpful(статистические данные).

2. Is the form of a noun correct?

Singular Plural
politician politician s (most count nouns have an - s”)
class; box; watch; dish; gas class es; box es; watch es; dish es; gas es (after “ -ss”, “-x”, “-ch”, “-sh’, ‘-s” we add “-es” ending)
photo; piano photo s; piano s (some nouns ending in “-o” add “-s”)
hero; potato hero es; potato es (some nouns ending in “-o” add “-es”)

 

· Some common nouns have irregular plurals.

woman-women tooth-teeth
man-men foot-feet
child-children mouse-mice

 

· Note the following nouns, which have irregular spelling in the plural:

Singular   Plural
alumna бывшая студентка alumnae
alumnus бывший студент alumni
analysis анализ (разбор) analyses
bacterium бактерия bacteria
basis базис bases
′ bureau/ bu′ reau бюро, отдел, управление, bureaus/bureaux
′ caput голова (на душу населения) capita (per capita)
crisis кризис crises
criterion критерий criteria
curriculum курс обучения, учебный план curricula
datum данная (величина) data *
medium средство media *
memorandum меморандум memoranda
phenomenon явление phenomena
stratum слой (общества) strata

 

· Exports, imports (количество или стоимость вывезенных или ввезенных товаров) take a plural verb but export, import (процесс ввоза или вывоза) are singular.

· Note that dozen and score have the same plural and singular form if they go after the numeral: two dozen (of) eggs, three score (of) years (but scores / dozens of people).

· When a noun is used as an adjective, it takes a singular form.

Political science has been developed for 2, 500 years.

This is a 2, 500- year development of political science.

· Collective nouns (crowd, firm, team, group, etc.) refer to an entire group. When these are groups of people we often think of them as a number of people (=”they”), not as one thing (=”it”). So we often use a plural verb:

The staff at the firm (=they) are not happy with outside consultants.

· When a noun indicates a period of time, a sum of money, or a measurement, it takes a singular verb.

Two weeks is not enough time to study politology.

Ten dollars is not enough to meet the needs of a family.

· Goods (товар), clothes (одежда), riches (богатство), proceeds (выручка), wages (заработная плата), contents (содержание) normally occur only in the plural and are followed by a plural verb.

Some consumer goods, such as, food, do not last for a long time.

 

Exercise 1






© 2023 :: MyLektsii.ru :: Мои Лекции
Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав.
Копирование текстов разрешено только с указанием индексируемой ссылки на источник.