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Can you give the English equivalents of the following terms?
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Пролетное строение, устой моста, грунтовое основание, меженный уровень воды, пойма, постоянная нагрузка, подмостовой габарит, высота, сила торможения, сейсмика.
Read through the questions and see if you can answer them:
1. Why do people construct bridge crossings?
2. What components of a bridge crossing do you know?
3. What is the difference between a low-water bed and a flood plain?
4. What bridge component directly resists the rolling stock load?
5. What common features do piers and abutments have? What is the difference between them?
6. What bridge components rest on the ground?
7. What bridge components directly resist wind force and ice?
8. What does headroom depend on?
9. Are all the bridges calculated for seismic activity?
Match the words in column A with column B:
| A | B |
| 1. невыгодное положение | a) Design calculation, structural analysis |
| 2. низ моста | b) Damage |
| 3. отметка уровня паводка | c) Pedestrian walkway |
| 4. подмыв опоры | d) Lane |
| 5. равнинная река | e) Bridge underside |
| 6. расчет конструкций | f) Navigation regulations |
| 7. пешеходная дорожка | g) Tower |
| 8. пилон моста | h) Bridge scour |
| 9. повреждение, разрушение | i) High-water mark |
| 10. полоса движения | j) Designing, engineering |
| 11. правила судоходства | k) Lowland river |
| 12. проектирование | l) Disadvantage |
Complete and translate the following sentences:
1. The load developing reactions in a bridge structure may be subdivided into the dead load involving (собственный вес пролетных строений, опор, фундаментов), the live load from the wind force, ice, breaking force, seismic activity, (перепад температур) and the movable load from the rolling stock and (пешеходы).
2. The movable load is important for successful (расчет и проектирование) of any bridge. In civil engineering, it is the live load involving snow load, seismic activity and (оборудование) that must be taken into consideration.
3. The most difficult problem for the movable load calculation is the preliminary determination of (невыгодное положение) of the rolling stock and pedestrians.
4. (Размыв грунта) can have destructive effects on bridges. (Насыпи и опоры) can reduce the rivers natural width, and the speed of the water flow increases.
5. (Длина пролета) influences the dead load value and (судоходство). The span length depends on the headroom of the (мостовой переход).
6. (ИССО мостового типа) including bridges, flyovers, trestle bridges and viaducts consist of superstructure and substructure. They have much in common – the same (постоянная, временная и подвижная нагрузки).
7. (Надежный пропуск транспорта и воды) during the high-water period is one of the problems for maintenance crews because of washout.
Unit 3
BRIDGE CLASSIFICATION
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