Главная страница Случайная страница
Разделы сайта
АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатикаИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханикаОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторикаСоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансыХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника
What are the English equivalents of the following Russian terms?
|
|
ИССО тоннельного типа, ИССО мостового типа, водопропускная труба, подпорная стенка, горная цепь, путепровод, автодорога, лавина, снежные заносы, песчаные наносы, овраг, временный водоток, транспортные развязки, стихийные бедствия.
Match the English and Russian terms:
| 1. водоотводный лоток | a) Short-term structures |
| 2. временные сооружения | b) Upkeep |
| 3. выносливость | c) Rigidity |
| 4. дождевые потоки | d) Permanent structures |
| 5. жесткость | e) Reliability |
| 6. капитальные сооружения | f) Maintainability |
| 7. ледоход | g) Revetment wall |
| 8. надежность | h) Stability |
| 9. облицовочная стенка | i) Retaining wall |
| 10. паводок | j) Storm water |
| 11. подпорная стенка | k) Drainage gutter |
| 12. прочность | l) High water, flood |
| 13. ремонт | m) Strength |
| 14. срок службы | n) Ice drift |
| 15. удобство | o) Persistence |
| 16. устойчивость | p) Service life |
Using the information you have read answer the following questions:
1. What structures do we call railway and motorway engineering structures?
2. What are the principal obstacles that might obstruct road construction?
3. Why do the R& M ES involve heavy outlays?
4. What structures are defined as bridgeworks?
5. What structures are defined as tunnel works?
6. Why are viaducts, flyovers and trestles often confused when describing them?
7. What common features do retaining walls and galleries have?
8. Can a passenger travelling by train tell the difference between a tunnel and a gallery?
Complete and translate the following sentences:
1. (Искусственные сооружения) are constructed at the most complicated sections of (железные и автомобильные дороги).
2. Some R& M ES (городские мосты, путепроводы, эстакады) demonstrate a high-level of architectural merit and a balance between art and science.
3. All the R& M ES must meet their design calculations and the requirements of (прочность, устойчивость, жесткость, выносливость).
4. ES are subdivided into (капитальные и временные сооружения).
5. (Срок службы) of long-term railway and motorway ES about 80–100 years and for short-term ones about 10-15 years.
6. (Надежность и удобство) under operation are the principal characteristics of railway and motorway engineering structures.
7. Trestles, flyovers, and viaducts must provide reliable traffic flow without any interruption. (Ледоход, паводок, дождевые потоки) must be controlled, as they are the greatest risk factors for bridges, culverts and galleries.
8. Tunnel maintenance commands the most considerable expenditure because (вентиляция, освещение, водоотвод) requires regular inspection and emergency repair.
9. Even simple R& M ES including (подпорные и облицовочные стенки) call for large building and repair costs. The idea is that traffic interruption and the consequential (ремонт) of R& M ES may result in additional considerable expenses.
10. The footbridge, which connects two shopping centres across Corporation Street in Manchester, is one of the most vivid images. The street is canyon like and the footbridge represents an interesting and innovative solution for short span pedestrian (мост) linking two buildings. The slender sloping bridge deck is supported by and enclosed in hyperboloid glazed (труба).
Unit 2
BRIDGE CROSSING AND ITS COMPONENTS
|
|