Study and research

TO STUDY: to examine the subject carefully in order to find out more about it and to discover new facts: Scientists are studying what causes the desease. Pavlov studied how dogs could be trained to associate certain sounds with food.

A STUDY [C]: The study showed that 25 percent of adults do not eat breakfast. There have been many studies on this subject.

TO RESEARCH: to study a particular subject, especially a particular detailed part of a subject: He has been researching the material for his thesis. Ten years ago I began researching into the role of women in trade unions.

RESEARCH [U]: Billions of dollars have been spent on research into the causes and treatment of cancer. The University has been the leading center for research in this field for a long time.

TO DO/CARRY OUT/CONDUCT RESEARCH: to study smth, especially as a part of a scientific or academic project: Universities are finding it difficult to get the funding they need to do basic research. The research was carried out by a team of scientists at Newcastle University. The department is conducting research into how to make diesel engines burn fuel more efficiently. Since 1992, the team has been carrying out research into the effects of human activity on wildlife.

TO INVESTIGATE: to find out all the facts about smth in order to find the truth about it. It is used about accidents and crimes, also about scientific studies into a specialized subject: Greenpeace has been investigating the environmental impact of dumping nuclear waste in the ocean. The police are investigating the incident.

TO EXAMINE: to consider or look at smth carefully in order to find out more about it: The professor and his team have been examining different methods of predicting earthquakes.

EXAMINATION: These proposals will need a detailed examination before a decision can be reached. Some new projects are under examination at the moment.

TO EVALUATE: to examine smth in order to decide how good, useful, important etc it is: The Commission will evaluate the relative costs and benefits of the three possible airport sites.

EVALUATION: The evaluation of the data should be carried out very carefully.

TO ANALYZE: to study smth in detail, especially figures and results from research: Scientists have been analyzing the latest data about global warming.

ANALYSIS (pl. analyses): The study included an analysis of the accidental statistics. In the final analysis it is up to the students to decide which major to choose.

V1. Translate into Russian:

A, B

1. The samples of leaves taken from the area were analyzed by the team of scientists. 2. The study will evaluate the long-term effects of exposure to radiation. 3. I think you should be examined by a doctor. 4. The ability to analyze and evaluate information is extremely important for an investigator. 5. Four key proposals will be examined by the commission. 6. The research aims to investigate why schools are not doing better. 7. She was thoroughly investigated by FBI before being offered the job. 8. The researcher took each item and thoroughly examined it. 9. All complaints from our customers are investigated quickly and efficiently. 10. The effect of this new technology on the workers will be studied carefully.

V2. Translate into English:

B, C

1. Влияние глобального потепления на изменение климата исследуется в различных регионах мира. 2. В данный момент коллектив ученых и инженеров проводит детальное исследование причин отказов двигателя. 3. Большое количество информации было собрано и тщательно проанализировано перед началом данных исследований. 4. Последние исследования показали, что механизм данного процесса нуждается в детальном изучении. 5. Целью нашего исследования является изучение того, как сложные взаимодействия между компонентами вещества влияют на его свойства. 6. Социологическое исследование подтвердило наше предположение, что почти 30% студентов не посещают библиотеку. 7. Обычная процедура исследования включает выполнение эксперимента, за которым следует анализ и оценка полученных данных. 8. Аспирант начал исследовать это необычное явление два года тому назад, однако полученные данные пока не позволяют ему провести его тщательную оценку. 9. Полученные образцы были детально исследованы. 10. В конечном итоге это дело исследователя, какую методику применить при проведении экспериментальных работ.