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Australia.
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Australia is an English-speaking country. It is on the other side of the world. The Commonwealth of Australia includes continent of Australia, the island of Tasmania and a number of smaller islands. It has an area of about eight million square kilometres.
The continent of Australia is mostly a great plain with mountains in the east and southeast. The western part of the continent forms a plateau, which occupies half of the continent. The central Lowlands, a great part of which is very dry, lie between the Western Australian plateau and the Eastern Highlands. Through the eastern part of these Central Lowlands run Australia’s greatest rivers, the Murray and the Darling. A number of short rivers flow from the Australian Alps and the Blue Mountains into the Pacific Ocean.
What will you find if you go to Australia? It will seem to you an upside-down world. New Year is in the middle of summer, the middle of winter is in June, and the winter months are never cold. Hot winds blow
from the north, cold winds blow from the south. The native trees such as the eucalyptus, the bottle tree, look very strange, and they never lose their leaves in winter.
Australia is a land of birds and wild animals, which cannot be found in other parts of the world. They are the emu, the kangaroo, the koala, the echidna the dingo and many others.
What about the climate? The sun shines brightly in winter and it is very hot in summer. There is not much rain in many parts of the country.
Today there are more than 15 million people in Australia; most of them are of British origin.
There are five big cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane. Each city is the capital of the state in which it is situated. They are also the main ports.
Motor-car, machine-building, clothing and food industries are highly developed.
Agriculture is the main occupation in Australia: wheat growing, fruit-growing and sheep-farming.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal state and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Formally the head of the state is the King or the Queen of England represented by the Governor-General.
The Commonwealth of Australia consists of six states and two territories: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, the Federal Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. The Capital Territory is the land around the Federal Capital, Canberra.
The states run such things as education, police, health, railway and roads; the Commonwealth looks after the army, posts and telegraph, relations with other countries.
Australia has a parliament in each state and the Federal Parliament of the Commonwealth at Canberra. The Federal Parliament consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister, usually the leader of the party, which has the majority in the House of Representatives, heads the federal government of the country. The political parties represented in the parliament are the Australian Labour Party, the Liberal Party of Australia and the National Agrarian Party.
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