Exercise 5. Answer the questions on text 2.

1. Is the wing principal structural unit of the airplane? 2. What is the function of the wing? 3. Does the wing consist of the leading edge, trailing edge, tips and the root? 4. What shapes can the wing have? 5. What is a sweepback angle? 6 What is a dihedral angle? 7. What is an angle of attack? 8. Does the position of the wing vary? 9. What types of airplanes do we distinguish accor­ding to the number of wings? 10. What is the wing usually made of?

Dialogue II

T. The main structural member of the wing is a wing spar or a beam.

Look at the picture, please. What is this?

S. It is a spar.

T. «The spar» and «the beam» are synonyms. They mean «лонжерон». The spar runs along the length of the wing from the fuselage to the tap of the wing. Do you remember the word «long»?

S. «Довгий»

T. Yes, you are right. It means довгий. And the word «length» is a noun. It means «довжина». Now translate «it runs along the length», please.

S. Він проходить вздовж.

T. Quite right. Some designs have one spar and some have two. The wing with many spars is called a multispar wing. Can you translate the word «multispar»?

S. Багатолонжеронний.

T. Remember, we have come across such words as «multiplane» and «multinational». Now we know one more word – «multispar». What is the function of the spar?

S. The function of the spar is to carry the main wing load.

T. Yes, you are right. Another structural member of the wing is a rib. The rib means «нервюра». The ribs are attached to the spars. They are chord-wise members, forming the contour of the wing. The skin covers the wing. Can the skin carry air loads?

S. I think it can.

T. In case the skin carries the load it is called a stressed-skin construction. The skin is supported by stringers. In Ukrainian it sounds the same – «стрингер». What direction do the stringers go?

S. They go parallel to the spars.

T. The stringers reinforce the skin. «To reinforce» means «підсилювати».