TYPeS oF art

Цілі: вдосконалювати лексичні навички й навички вимови; вдосконалювати навички аудіювання, читання й усного мовлення; розвивати логічне мислення; виховувати правильне ставлення до мистецтва, а також загальну культуру учнів.

Procedure

1. Warm-up

Do ex. 2, p. 165.

2. speaking

Do ex. 3, p. 165 (questions 7–11).

Клас

Дата

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ART

A broad classification of visual arts classifies them into different

groups like painting, drawing, sculpting, architecture, printmaking, ce-

ramics, photography, collage, digital graphics, film-making, etc. Earlier,

handicrafts and applied arts were not part of this category. It was only in

the beginning of 20th century that the ‘Arts and Crafts Movement’ (Bri- tain) brought a lease of life to these art forms. The following list gives us

a rough idea of different types of art forms to have evolved with time.

PAINTING

It is said that painting is the art of depicting the beauty of nature. For

some, painting could be a medium of expressing their feelings. For others it is

a way of depicting the surroundings they observe. Painting is basically an art of applying pigment to a surface (medium) such as canvas, paper, wall, wood

panel, etc. Brush is a tool commonly used for painting. There are many differ-

ent forms of painting. Landscape painting and abstract painting are the com-

mon. Classification of painting as per different criteria is presented below.

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PURPOSE

The visual arts are divided into different types on the basis of purpose

for which they are created. The purpose of indulging into arts could be that

of self-expression, profit-making, religion or giving a social message.

TYPES BASED ON SUBJECT MATTER

Generally the subjects chosen for painting are nature, people, wildlife, objects, events, places, etc. The subject matter or topic chosen for creation of artworks is therefore, one of the important criteria for classifying visual arts.

MATERIALS AND MEDIUM USED

Based on the medium or materials used, paintings can be classified into different types such as acrylic, watercolor, mural, etc.

SCULPTING

A sculpture is a three-dimensional artwork created with the help of ma- terials like rocks, wood, plastic, clay, etc. Carving out a sculpture and as-

sembling it are the 2 different ways. In some cases, sculptures may also be

painted. The different types of sculptures are described below.

Free-standing Sculpture: This kind of sculpture is referred to as ‘in the round’ and it can be viewed from different angles.

Light Sculpture: This form of sculpture created from light is also known as light art. The fusion of modern art with creative use of artificial lights has led to the development of light art.

Sound Sculpture: It is a form of artwork in which sound is produced. Maryanne Amacher, Dennis Bathory-Kitsz, Alexander Calder and Harry Bertoia were amongst notable artists in this field.

Relief: In this form of sculpture, artworks are raised from a plane at which the base or main work is presented. Such artworks are generally ob- served on the walls of historic buildings. Stone and wood are the materials used for these sculptures. Chiseling the surface to create a raised sculpture is a tedious job involved in making these sculptures.

JEWELRY MAKING

There are many different shapes carved out of precious stones, metals, shells, etc. to make jewelry items.

NEW AGE VISUAL ARTS

The new age arts are a product of industrial revolution. Development of technology leads to use of different techniques for creating these artworks. Photography is one such art to have developed with the invention of camera and photographic film.

PHOTOGRAPHY

In the art of photography, pictures or images are created with the help of different light patterns. These light patterns when emitted or reflect- ed from the surface of objects are captured on a sensitive medium (earlier times) or storage chips (nowadays). Lens of a camera plays an important part in capturing images. The lens helps focus the light emitted from the object to be photographed. The table given below presents a list of different types of photography.

DIGITAL ART

The digital or computer art is widely used in creating websites, video games, clip arts, templates etc. Use of computer in the field of visual arts be- gan in the 1960s. In today’s digital art industry, animation is the buzzword. Use of 3D animation techniques is made in many different fields like filmmak- ing, TV advertising, web advertising, etc. Digital technology has given a boost to the art industry since newer and innovative tools have been developed.

FILMMAKING

The art of filmmaking comes under the discipline of visual arts. How- ever, scriptwriting, music, and many such arts converge and complement each other in this art form. A story or script is the core or soul of a film. It acts as a thread that guides the process of making a film. Incorporating features like audio and video offer viewers with a complete and fulfilling experience. It is the main reason why movies have become so popular.

The topic of visual arts is vast and a rough outline of different forms of these arts is presented above. Many other art forms like literature and performing arts are, however, not included. The brief account of different types of art presented above should help readers gain a better understand- ing of them.

4. Listening and writing

Listen to the text and write down the types of art that are mentioned there. (See Lesson 60)

5. summary

What art form do you like best?

6. Homework

Write a short paragraph about your favourite type of art.

Lesson 60