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Контрольное задание 2

Для выполнения контрольного задания 2 необходимо проработать следующие разделы курса:

1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

2. Система времен в пассивном залоге.

3. Особенности употребления пассивного залога в английском языке по сравнению с русским.

4. Многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have.

ВАРИАНТ 1.

I. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол. Переведите письменно эти предложения на русский язык.

1. We can see the lake from our bedroom window.

2. You must work hard at your English if you want to know it.

3. May I use the phone, please?

4. He knew he should tell them everything.

5. You ought to look after your children better.

II. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них синоним или эквивалент модального глагола. Определите модальный глагол, синонимом или эквивалентом которого он является. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Образец выполнения 1:

These machines are to replace the old Эти механизмы должны заменить старое

equipment of our shop. оборудование нашего цеха.

Are to - синоним модального глагола can в Present Indefinite Active, мн. число.

1. I haven’t been able to sleep recently.

2. You will have to be at work at 9 in the morning.

3. Tom was to take part in the baseball match last week but he fell ill.

4. James has to take an educational course next September.

5. She was not allowed to say anything of that to anyone.

III. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол в Passive Voice, проанализируйте данные глаголы и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

Образец выполнения 2:

The following examples were made use of. Были использованы следующие примеры.

Were made - Past Indefinite Passive от нестандартного глагола to make.

1. English is the main foreign language which is taught within most school systems.

2. My father has been persuaded that roast meat is not healthy.

3. Do you know many paintings have been destroyed by vandals?

4. Suddenly he thought that something was expected of him.

5. The famous actress is being interviewed now for the “HELLO” magazine.

IV. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них глаголы to be,

to have. Определите по грамматическим признакам, являются ли указанные глаголы: а) смысловыми; б) вспомогательными; в) эквивалентами или синонимами модального глагола (и какого); г) глаголом-связкой.

1. The traditional feature of Christmas in Britain is the Christmas tree.

2. When we walked through the entrance we saw shelves full of more toys than we have ever imagined.

3. By the time we reached the teacher we were wet from head to toe.

4. The Internet and its technology continue to have a profound effect in promoting the exchange of information.

V. Перепишите предложения с выделенными в них словами и переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний.

1. It was the new system of education that gave the best results.

2. It was the director who adopted the general plan of reconstruction.

3. Neither my friend nor I am fond of skating.

4. Either your children or my son has broken this vase.

5. Both students and teachers have already gathered in the big hall.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.

A Japanese construction company plans to create a huge independent city-state, akin to the legendary Atlantis, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The city, dubbed " Marinnation", would have about one million inhabitants, two airports, and possibly even a space port. Marinnation, if built, would be a separate country but could serve as a home for international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank.

Aside from the many political and social problems that would have to be solved, the engineering task envisaged is monumental. The initial stage requires the building of a circular dam 18 miles in diameter attached to the sea bed in a relatively shallow place in International waters. Then, several hundred powerful pumps, operating for more than a year, would suck out the sea water from within the dam. When empty and dry, the area would have a city constructed on it. The actual land would be about 300 feet below sea level. According to designers, the hardest task from an engineering point of view would be to ensure that the dam is leak proof and earthquake proof.

If all goes well, it is hoped that Marinnation could be ready for habitation at the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century. Whether anyone would want to live in such an isolated and artificial community, however, will remain an open question until that time.

ВАРИАНТ 2.

I. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол. Переведите письменно эти предложения на русский язык.

1. Can you speak any foreign languages?

2. Everyone must obey the law.

3. Everybody should eat more fruits and vegetables.

4. She may say anything she wants.

5. You ought to help your friend.

II. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них синоним или эквивалент модального глагола. Определите модальный глагол, синонимом или эквивалентом которого он является. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 1 в варианте 1)

1. Tom might not be able to come tomorrow.

2. She stayed in bed this morning because she didn’t have to go to work.

3. According to the contract, the goods are to arrive at the port at the end of the week.

4. As the manager was out he had to wait for five minutes.

5. She was allowed to practise the piano any time.

III. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол в Passive Voice, проанализируйте данные глаголы и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 2 в варианте1)

1. On festive occasions sweets are served at the end of a meal.

2. She stood in the shadows of the jungle, knowing that she must have been followed by the Indians.

3. All tickets had been sold before we got in the theatre.

4. Students will be examined next Friday.

5. “A Farewell to Arms” was published in 1929.

IV. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них глаголы to be,

to have. Определите по грамматическим признакам, являются ли указанные глаголы: а) смысловыми; б) вспомогательными; в) эквивалентами или синонимами модального глагола (и какого); г) глаголом-связкой.

1. The first Christmas trees were introduced in Britain about 150 years ago.

2. Christmas is only a few weeks away, so I have made a list of my favourite toys to send to Santa Claus!

3. Alf played very well but in the end Jack was able to beat him.

4. Gary Kasparov had to work hard but finally it paid and he became world chess champion.

V. Перепишите предложения с выделенными в них словами и переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний.

1. It is the statistical analysis which is of great importance for proper planning.

2. It was our relatives who sent us that telegram.

3. My daughter could neither read nor write when she went to school.

4. We’ll either be going to the theatre or the cinema this week-end.

5. Both my sister and I were upset when we heard the news.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.

ENGLISH CHARACTER

One of the most striking features of English life is the self-discipline and courtesy of people of all classes. There is little noisy behaviour, and practically no loud disputing in the street. People do not rush excitedly for seats in buses or trains, but take their seats in queues at bus stops in a quiet and orderly manner.

Englishmen are naturally polite and are never tired in saying " Thank you", " I'm sorry", " Beg your pardon". If you follow anyone who is entering a building or a room, he will hold a door open for you. Many foreigners have commented on a remarkable po­liteness of the English people.

English people don't like displaying their emotions even in dangerous and tragic situations, and ordinary people seem to remain good-tempered and cheerful under diffi­culties.

The Englishman does not like any boasting or showing off in manners, dress or speech. Sometimes he conceals his knowledge: a linguist, for example, may not mention his understanding of a foreigner's language.

The Englishman prefers his own house to an apartment in a block of flats, because he doesn't wish his doing to be overlooked by his neighbours. " An Englishman's house is his castle."

ВАРИАНТ 3.

I. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол. Переведите письменно эти предложения на русский язык.

1. When we went to the forest we could smell burning.

2. Mary should have gone to bed earlier last night.

3. Michael mustn’t drive without headlights, it’s forbidden.

4. He asked what time he might arrive for an interview.

5. We ought to wash the dishes but we needn’t dry them.

II. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них синоним или эквивалент модального глагола. Определите модальный глагол, синонимом или эквивалентом которого он является. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 1 в варианте 1)

1. We were able to persuade them to go with us.

2. I am afraid I won’t be allowed to come to the party net week.

3. My friends are to meet tomorrow in the café.

4. He is so rich that he doesn’t have to work.

III. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол в Passive Voice, проанализируйте данные глаголы и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 2 в варианте1)

1. In India the right hand is used for eating.

2. She thought the arrow could be poisoned.

3. The dinner will be served by five o’clock tomorrow.

4. She was heard practising the piano yesterday.

5. Most children are strongly influenced by their parents.

IV. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них глаголы to be,

to have. Определите по грамматическим признакам, являются ли указанные глаголы: а) смысловыми; б) вспомогательными; в) эквивалентами или синонимами модального глагола (и какого); г) глаголом-связкой.

1. Our teacher told us we had two hours to explore the toy store.

2. There were ice and roller skates, skateboards and bicycles of every shape and colour.

3. It was difficult but we were able to persuade them.

4. Gary Kasparov has got an excellent memory and ability to calculate and think ahead.

V. Перепишите предложения с выделенными в них словами и переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний.

1. It was his room where he lost his key.

2. It is my best friend who always helps me in any situation.

3. I like neither football nor hokey.

4. This old woman never learnt either history or geography.

5. Both the children and the parents enjoyed the performance.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UK

Education after 16is voluntaryin United Kingdom. Students, who live in England, Wales, and Northern Ire­land must take at the age of 16 the examinations for the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). In Scotland students receive the Scottish Certificate of Education. After this exam students can choose to stay on in school or attend colleges of further educa­tion.

British universities are self-governing and are guar­anteed academic independence. Fundingfor education and research is provided by funding councils set upby Parliament. The number of universities jumped in 1992 when polytechnicsand some other higher education es­tablishmentswere given the right to become universi­ties. By the end of 1994, there were some 90 universi­ties, almost half of them former polytechnics, including the Open University.

Many of the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge uni­versities were founded in the 12th and 13th centuries. All other universities in Britain were founded in the 19^th and 20^th centuries. The Open University, based in Milton Keynes, England, was founded in 1969. It uses exten­sion techniques of correspondence courses, television and radio programmes, and video cassettes, supported by local study centres and summer schools, to provide higher education opportunities to a wide variety of people.

During the 1960s there was a significant increase in the number of new universities, reflecting a fast growth in student numbers. During the 1980s, an expansion in higher education places led to another large jump in stu­dent numbers. In the 1992-1993 academic year there were more than 1.4 million students in full or part-time higher education in Great Britain, compared with just under 850, 000 a decade earlier. About one quarter of young people are in higher education in England, Wales, and Scotland; one third in Northern Ireland. About 90 per cent of students get state grantsto cover tuition feesand living costs.

The size of the grant is determined by parent’s income.Since the late 1980s, however, grants have been frozen; students can apply for a student loan.

ВАРИАНТ 4.

I. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол. Переведите письменно эти предложения на русский язык.

1. She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.

2. You should see a doctor.

3. They must be tired as they have been working all day.

4. I was told that I might place an advertisement in the newspaper.

5. We really ought to buy a new car.

II. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них синоним или эквивалент модального глагола. Определите модальный глагол, синонимом или эквивалентом которого он является. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 1 в варианте 1)

1. Alf played very well but at the end Jack was able to beat him.

2. Did you have to get up early to meet the delegation at the airport?

3. As I was to be there at 5 sharp, I took a taxi.

4. He was not allowed to leave before his parents came back.

5. Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.

III. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол в Passive Voice, проанализируйте данные глаголы и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 2 в варианте1)

1. Needless to say, hands must be washed before and after eating.

2. He knew the boys would be rescued.

3. About 50 people were invited to the party yesterday.

4. Oxford was beaten by Manchester United in the Cup Final yesterday.

5. Such a dress can’t be sat down in.

IV. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них глаголы to be,

to have. Определите по грамматическим признакам, являются ли указанные глаголы:

а) смысловыми; б) вспомогательными; в) эквивалентами или синонимами модального глагола (и какого); г) глаголом-связкой.

1. Near the dolls were stuffed animals of all sizes and shapes.

2. Animals were running about in all the paths.

3. Joe felt great, knowing that he had succeeded in his plan.

4. People usually have dinner between 6.00 and 8.00 in the evening.

V. Перепишите предложения с выделенными в них словами и переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний.

1. It was my friend whom I was to meet yesterday.

2. It was the government’s policy which allowed to reduce high rates of inflation.

3. I like neither green nor red coats.

4. Both my friend and I like the opera.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.

AMERICAN CHARACTER

American society seems to be much more informal than the British and, in some ways, is characterised by less social distinction. Students do not rise when a teacher enters the room. One does not always address a person by his title, such as " Major" or " General" or " Doctor" in the case of a holder of a Doctor of Philosophy degree. The re­spectful " Sir" is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country.

However, it is best to use a person's title when first meeting him/her, and then allow the person to tell you how he/she wishes to be called.

They use first names when calling each other, slap on the back, joke and are much freer in their speech, which is more slangy than the conventional British English. You will often hear the word " Hi" (a form of greeting among friends) used instead of the usual " Hello, " and " Howdy" instead of " How do you do? "

Those who don't easily show these signs of friendship are called " snooty" or " snobbish." In contrast, people who show such simple signs of friendship, particularly to their own economic and social inferiors, are praised as " regular guys, " or as " truly demo­cratic." As a description of character, democratic is generally used to signify that a per­son of high social or economic status acts in such a way that his or her inferiors are not reminded of their inferiority.

Certain forms of politeness are observed on social occasions. Women may wear hats in church, in restaurants, and often when attending luncheons in public places and other public social functions except those that take place in the evening. Men who do wear hats ordinarily remove them in elevators, churches, restaurants, private homes, business offices — in fact, in most public situations when they wishto show respect.

ВАРИАНТ 5.

I. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол. Переведите письменно эти предложения на русский язык.

1. I was so tired that I could sleep for a week.

2. Children mustn’t play football in the streets.

3. People shouldn’t smoke when there are children around.

4. They may arrive tomorrow or the day after.

5.You ought to hear the way he plays the piano.

II. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них синоним или эквивалент модального глагола. Определите модальный глагол, синонимом или эквивалентом которого он является. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 1 в варианте 1)

1. I think she will be able to understand everything.

2. From what he told me it sounded as if he had to see a doctor as soon as possible.

3. These shoes will have to be repaired.

4. We were to meet at the entrance of the theatre at a quarter to eight.

5. She was allowed to say anything she wanted.

III. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол в Passive Voice, проанализируйте данные глаголы и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 2 в варианте1)

1. Some of the rice is left plain to enable us to eat it with other dishes.

2. An area of rain forests the size of Austria is being destroyed every year.

3. Central heating has just been installed in Julia’s house.

4. The book had been given to me before it appeared on sale.

5. Many new houses will have been built in our street by next year.

IV. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них глаголы to be,

to have. Определите по грамматическим признакам, являются ли указанные глаголы: а) смысловыми;

б) вспомогательными; в) эквивалентами или синонимами модального глагола (и какого); г) глаголом-связкой.

1. The most popular was a giant Teddy Bear which was bigger than three girls put together!

2. In the distance three camels were strolling along side by side.

3. My grandfather was very clever. He was able to speak five languages.

4. Everybody is having a good time at this party.

V. Перепишите предложения с выделенными в них словами и переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний.

1. It is an accountant who is responsible for preparing all financial documents.

2. It is the organization of labour at this enterprise that requires improvement first.

3. Neither his parents nor he intends to stay here for another week.

4. They liked both the acting and the music of the play.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.

THEATRES IN BRITAIN

Theatres are much the same in London as anywhere else; the chief theatres, music-halls and cinemas are in the West End.

If you're staying in London for a few days, you'll have no difficulty whatever in find­ing somewhere to spend an enjoyable evening. You'll find opera, ballet, comedy, drama, review, musical comedy and variety. The best seats at the theatres are those in the stalls, the circle, and the upper circle. Then comes the pit, and last of all the gallery, where the seats are cheapest. Boxes, of course, are the most expensive. Most theatres and music-halls have good orchestras with popular conductors. You ought to make a point of going to the opera at least once during the season, if you can. There you can get the best of eve­rything - an excellent orchestra, famous conductors, celebrated singers and a well-dressed audience. But, of course, if you're not fond of music and singing, opera won't in­terest you. At the West-End theatres you can see most of the famous English actors and actresses. As a rule, the plays are magnificently staged — costumes, dresses, scenery, everything being done on the most lavish scale. Choose a good play, and you'll enjoy yourself thoroughly from the moment the curtain goes up to the end of the last act. Get your seat beforehand, either at the box-office of the theatre itself or at one of the agen­cies.