Limited language:Sublanguage 36

*Lingual: characterizing language,

not linguistics 13 Lisp 38

*Literalizing a set phrase 75 Litotes: meiosis expressed synta-

gmatically 106, 107 *Living etymology: transparent

etymology — origin obvious to

layman 26

M

Macaronic verses 137

Male rhymes: Masculine rhymes: Single rhymes (those with last syllable stressed — astir — confer) 129

Maxim: non-metaphorical precept (as distinct from proverb) 117-118

Meiosis: Understatement: inte­ntional (expressive) under­valuation of norm 104, 106

Message: communication sent and/or

received 20

Metagoge: see Personification Metaphor 112-115 Metonymy 108 Metre 124

Monologue: see Discourse Monometer 126 Morpheme 9, 14 Mush 45

N

Neologism 59

Neutral: of indefinite stylistic value 20-21

^Neutrality and norm 21

*Neutral sphere: 'central' part of language, common to all sublan­guages — comprising units of indefinite sublingual characte­ristics, viz. units possessing no stylistic colouring 12, 17, 20

Newspaperese: see Journalese

Newspaper style 169

Nomination: act of naming; name 26-28

Nonce-words 59, 70

*Non-neutral: stylistically coloured, of definite stylistic value, recognizable as belonging to definite style 17, 18, 20

*Non-specific sphere: see Central area: Neutral sphere

*Non-specific units: Neutral units 13

*Norm 21

*Normative realization: manifestation in keeping with lingual or sublingual norm 19, 21-22

Notion: Concept 6, 7, 31

О

Octameter 126

Officialese: sublanguage of extremely formal (usually written) intercourse 180-182

*Omnitemporal: expressing present, past, or future actions indiscriminately 133-134

Onomasiology: Onomatology: part of linguistics proceeding from meaning to form 27, 28

Onomatology: see Onomasiology

Onomatopoeia 44, 45

Opposition 34-35, 47

Orthography 38

Ottava rima 131

Overstatement: see Hyperbole

Oxymoron 161-163

Paradigm: set of units inposse 28-29, 40-42

*Paradigmatics: 1. Set (or totality) of paradigms. 2. Here: part of stylistics dealing with choice of one unit, especially with cases of 'renaming' (transfer of name) 28-32

Paradox: seemingly absurd though in fact well-founded statement 31

Paragraph: 1. Passage in text marked by indentation of first line. 2. Detached item of information in newspaper, without heading 24-25

Paralinguistic: dealing with non­verbal messages (inarticulate sounds, gesticulation, grimace) 196-197

Parallelism 140

Parameters: characteristics, especially numerical 21

Parenthesis 95

Paronomasia: co-occurrence of words of similar form 124

Paronyms: words similar (but not identical) in their phonetic forms 136-137

*Periphery: space closest to external boundary (P. of sublanguage

locates its style-forming units)

12, 13 Periphrasis: Circumlocution:

description instead of name,

roundabout way of speaking 107-

108, 110

Personification: Metagoge 115-116 Phonosemantics: branch of

linguistics searching for inherent

meanings of speech sounds 42 Phraseology 73

Play on words: Pun: Quibble 156-158 Poetic diction: high-flown words of

old poetry 57 Poetry 7 Polyptoton: recurrence of word in

different syntactical positions

137-138

Polysyndeton 88 Popular speech 17-18 Praesens historicum (hat.) 48 Principium divisionis (hat.) 53 Professionalism 59 Prolepsis 86 Prosody 122 Proverb: Adage (see) 76, 117-118 Pun: see Play on words Pyrrhic foot 127-128

Q

Quasi-identity 149-150

Quotation 32

Quibble: see Play on words

R

Received pronunciation 38

Recipient: one who receives verbal message — listener or reader 7, 49

Redundance: superfluous, exces­sive, pleonastic use 96

^Relative archaization 63

*Relatively specific (units): those common to two or more

sublanguages, but not to all of

them 13, 16

Relevant features 7, 47 Repetition 84 Rhetorical question 91 Rhyme 129 Rhythm 124 Root repetition: Sham tautology 138

Scanning 125-126

Semantics: 1. Meaning. 2. Semasiology (see)

Semasiology 26-28

Septameter 126

*Sequence: chain of units of any rank (hence: Stylistics of Sequences) 29

Sibilant 44-45

Signifiant (Fr.): designator 36

Signifie (Fr.): designatum 36

Simile 145-149

Single rhymes: see Male rhymes

Slang 68

*Social prestige: factor favouring stability of literary standard and legalizing changes, up to universal acceptance of mistaken forms if current in speech of top personalities 54-55

Sonnet 132

Sound clusters: Sound combinations 42

Special language: Limited language: *Sublanguage (see)

*Specific units: *absolutely S.U.: units recognizable as belonging to only one sublanguage 12-13, 15; " " relatively S.U.: those common to several sublanguages 12-13, 16

*Specifier: Clarifier: synonym used to add new shade of meaning to what was expressed by its counterpart 154-155

*Speech: actual fleeting process of oral communication 8-9, 35

*Sphere of speech: Type of speech; Type of communication 10-11

Spondee 128

Standard English 38

Stanza 130-131

Strophe 130

*Style-forming (features, devices, units): Specific 38

*StyIistic collision: mixture of styles 32, 135

*Stylistic conflict 136-137

*S. device: S. means: choice or ar­rangement of units to achieve expressive or image-creating effect 6, 7, 31

*S. dominant: unit (phenomenon) that imparts its stylistic quality to its surroundings, suppressing their own values 136

S. means: see S. device

*S. neutrality: absence of any definite stylistic quality, 'non-specificity' 19-20

*S. perception: decoding of not only intended sense of message, but of its stylistic properties as well 20

*S. stratification: presentation of stylistic layers as superimposed on one another 55-56

*S. value: stylistic quality, characteristics, totality of connotations 7, 12

*S. vulgarism: word (phrase) implying utterly negative, scandalously derogatory personal attitude toward object, in no way offensive by itself 72-73

S. of sequences: part of S. dealing with phenomena engendered by interrelations of text components 32; *S. of units: part of S. treating choice of linguistic units and types of transfer of deno­minations 32

*Subcolloquial: belonging to layers lower than colloquial 21-22

*Sublanguage: totality of linguistic units current in sphere of speech singled out by researcher on extralinguistic grounds 10, 36

*Subneutral: lower than neutral 57, 63

*Superneutral: higher than neutral 57

Suprasegmental 41-42

Sustained metaphor 114

^Sustained simile 149

Symbol 118

Symploca 141

*Synonymous replacer: synonym used to avoid undesirable repetition of its counterpart 151-154

Syntagma, -ta (pi.): combination of at least two elements following one another 29-30

*Syntagmatics: 1. Set (or totality) of syntagmata. 2. Subject matter of stylistics of sequences 29-33

Tautology: unintentional repetition betraying stylistic helplessness 160; *T. disguised: intentional display of identical meanings in co-occurring different forms 160-161; *T. pretended: re­currence of identical forms with different meanings 160

Tell-tale names: see Token names

Terms 59-60

Tetrameter 126

*Text: product of speech (not necessarily written or printed), sequence of words, gram­matically connected and, as a rule, semantically coherent 8-9

Tier: see Level

Token names: Tell-tale names: surnames of literary characters giving information about their bearers' main features (Mr. Snake, Lady Sneer-well — Sheridan) 117

Treble: Triple: Dactylic rhymes: those with two final syllables unstressed — tenderly — slenderly 129

Trimeter 126

Trisyllabic 125

Trite: hackneyed, habitual, stereo­type (stylistic device) 113

Transposition 48

Trochee 125

Trope 99

^rl

U

Uncultivated (speech) 19, 20 Unpredictability 166 Utterance 8, 11, 12 Unit, linguistic 12

Variability 50

Verbal message: information expressed by words 26-27

Verse 130

Versification: theory (formal rules) of making poetry 122

Vocalic alliteration: Assonance 123

Vulgar (word, phrase): see Vul­garism

Vulgarism: vulgar word (phrase) 72; *V., lexical 72; *V., stylistic 73

W

Word combination: sequence of at least two notional words ('head­word' and its modifier/s/) 8, 23

Word-group: 1. Word combination. 2. Any sequence of two or more words 40

Written speech 35-36

Zeugma 159-160

Для заметок

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T '»..7

CONTENTS

PREFACE.............................................................................................................................. 3

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 6

STYLISTICS OF UNITS.................................................................................................. 37

'CHAPTER I. PHONETICS OF UNITS (PARADIGMATIC PHONETICS)..................... 37

CHAPTER II. MORPHOLOGY OF UNITS (PARADIGMATIC MORPHOLOGY)....... 46

CHAPTER III. PARADIGMATIC LEXICOLOGY............................................................. 52

CHAPTER IV. PARADIGMATIC SYNTAX....................................................................... 77

CHAPTER V. PARADIGMATIC SEMASIOLOGY........................................................... 97

STYLISTICS OF SEQUENCES..................................................................................... 122

CHAPTER I. PHONETICS OF SEQUENCES (SYNTAGMATIC PHONETICS)........... 122

CHAPTER II. MORPHOLOGY OF SEQUENCES (SYNTAGMATIC MORPHOLOGY).... 133

CHAPTER III. LEXICOLOGY OF SEQUENCES (SYNTAGMATIC LEXICOLOGY). 135

CHAPTER IV. SYNTAX OF SEQUENCES (SYNTAGMATIC SYNTAX).................... 139

CHAPTER V. SEMASIOLOGY OF SEQUENCES (SYNTAGMATIC SEMASIOLOGY).... 143

SUBLANGUAGES AND STYLES VIEWED AS OBJECTS

OF LINGUISTIC RESEARCH................................................................................ 167

CHAPTER I. AN OUTLINE OF STYLE CLASSIFICATIONS......................................... 167

CHAPTER II. THE MOST GENERAL (BINARY) DIVISION OF LANGUAGE.......... 179

CHAPTER III. SOCIALLY REGULATED SUBLANGUAGES...................................... 183

CHAPTERIV. THE COLLOQUIAL SPHERE.................................................................... 195

WORD INDEX AND GLOSSARY............................................................................... 213