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Loops and Structured Data

" Loop" structures provide ways to methodically repeat actions, manage program flow, and automate lengthy data processing activities. Loops are often used to step through the individual items in a list of data.

8.1 While/Repeat and Do/Until

The " while" function repeatedly evaluates a block of code while the given condition is true. While loops are formatted as follows:

This example counts to 5:

In English, that code reads:

" Incrementing" counter values, as in the example above, is an extremely common technique in all types of programming. You'll see examples of it regularly in code, whenever you want to keep a count of items.

You can use While/Repeat to create forever repeating loops. Simply use an evaluation that is always true, and use the " wr.break" function to end the loop. Notice how the While loop and If evaluations are indented to clearly separate the logic:

Here's a more interactive version using some info provided by the user:

" Do-Until" loops operate similarly to while-repeat loops, except they ensure that at least one iteration of the statements inside the loop is executed:

This type of loop is often used to wait for keystrokes from the user:

Memorize the code above. You'll use it whenever you want to wait for a single keystroke from the user.

8.2 Looping Through Lists of Data: FOR

" FOR/Next" loops simply count through a range of numbers:

You can use conditional tests within a FOR loop, to perform different operations on each numbered item:

You can use the sequential counting ability of FOR loops to pick sequential items from an array or a list using numbered indexes:

The " Step" option of a FOR loop allows you to skip a given number of items, each time through the loop:

And to count backwards:

" Step" is especially useful because it allows you to skip items in an array or list:

This technique is especially useful when creating and using lists of structured data. For example, the following list contains three fields of data for each person (name, address, and phone), in consecutive order. Pay particular attention to how the FOR/Next/Step loop is used to pick out blocks of 3 consecutive pieces of data from the list:

The code pattern above is very useful when creating data management apps. Little data lists such as the one above can hold all sorts of useful related blocks of data (phone books, recipes, etc.). You can group different fields of data sequentially, and read any selected field of information from any record using a FOR/Next/Step loop.

You can also use FOR loops to alter specific fields of data in a list. The following example checks each phone number field in the myusers list (every third item in the list, starting with the third item. If any phone field is empty, it changes that field to " 000-000-0000":

8.3 Choosing Items From Lists - The " Select" Function

RFO Basic has a built in " select" function to allow users to easily choose from items in a list. It takes 3 parameters:

1) A return parameter that holds the index number of the item selected by the user

2) The variable label that refers to the list

3) A text message to display to the user. The text message is shown on top of the select screen, and also displayed quickly in a popup box. If the text message is left blank (the empty quotes string " "), then no popup message occurs:

The select function can also be used to choose items from an array:

There is an optional fourth parameter that you can provide the select function, which determines if the user selected the item with a short click or a long hold. This option can be useful for doing different things with the selected data, depending upon how the user makes the physical selection: