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II. Give a short summary of the text in English in written or oral form.






Test yourself:

I. Choose the right variant:

1. British scientists invented a … way of multiplying and dividing.

a) mechanical; b) electrical; c) optical

2. A new branch of mathematics, …, was invented in England and Germany independently.

a) mechanics; b) arithmetics; c) calculus

3. A young American clerk invented a means of coding … by punched cards.

a) letters; b) data; c) numbers

4. Soon punched cards were replaced by … terminals.

a) printer; b) scanner; c) keyboard

5. Mark I was the first … computer that could solve mathematical problems.

a) analog; b) digital; c) mechanical

6. J. von Neumann simplified his computer by storing information in a … code.

a) analytical; b) numerical; c) binary

7. Vacuum tubes could control and … electric signals.

a) calculate; b) amplify; c) generate

8. The first generation computers were … and often burned out.

a) uncomfortable; b) uncommunicative; c) unreliable

9. Computers of the second generation used … which reduced computational time greatly.

a) transistors; b) integrated circuits; c) vacuum tubes

10. Due to the development of … the fourth generation computers became possible.

a) microelectronics; b) miniaturization; c) microminiaturization

II. Put the proper words into sentences.

Analytical; digital; unreliable; sophisticated; solve; core; processor; computations, an integral circuit

1. The Difference engine could … equations and led to another calculating machine, the … Engine, which embodied the key parts of a computer system: an input device, a …, a control unit, a storage place, and an output device.

2. Ada Lovelace helped to develop instructions for carrying out … on Babbage machine.

3. J. Atanasoff devised the first … computer to work by electronic means.

4. First-generation computers were…, the main form of memory being magnetic…

5. In the third generation software became more…

6. What was the name of the first … computer to work electronically?

7. When electricity passed through the…, it could be magnetized as either “off” or “on”.

8. A … is a complete electronic circuit on a small chip of silicon.

III. Make a timeline map:

Times Inventions/Developments Inventors
recent times Analytical Engine Von Neumann
17th century Abacus Pascal(Leibniz)
World War II ENIAC/vacuum tubes Herman Hollerith
thousands of years ago Primitive calculating devices George Boole
19th century Transistors, printed circuits, microchips Charles Babbage
early 20th century Stored programs Ada Lovelace
after World War II Mechanical calculator Jobs/Wozniak
in 1944 Punched card Aiken
  First computer program First PC First digital computer, Mark I Atanasoff/Berry






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