Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. It is a " network of networks" that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies. Internet carries various information resources and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer and file sharing, online gaming, and the inter-linked hypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW). The Internet is a global data communications system (a hardware and software infrastructure), while the Web is one of the services (a collection of interconnected documents and other resources).

The prevalent language for communication on the Internet is English. This may be a result of the Internet's origins, as well as the role of English as an international language. Early computers couldn’t handle characters other than those in the English variant of the Latin alphabet.

After English (29% of Web visitors) the most requested languages on the World Wide Web are Chinese (19%), Spanish (9%), Japanese (6%), French (5%) and German (4%).

Software products that can access the resources of the Web are called web browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox and Apple Safari. Web documents may contain almost any combination of computer data including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content including games, office applications and scientific demonstrations.

In the early days, web pages were usually created as sets of complete and isolated HTML text files stored on a web server. Now websites are often created using content management systems (CMS).

A computer file can be e-mailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to a website or FTP server for easy download by other or it can be put into a " shared location". Access to the file may be controlled by user authentication, the transit of the file over the Internet may be obscured by encryption, and money may change hands for access to the file. The origin and authenticity of the file received may be checked by digital signatures.

These simple features of the Internet are changing the production, sale, and distribution of anything that can be reduced to a computer file for transmission. This includes all manner of print publications, software products, news, music, film, video, photography, graphics and the other arts.

A computer can be used to access on-line media in the same way as a television or radio receiver. Webcams can be seen as an even lower-budget extension of this phenomenon. Internet users can watch animals around an African waterhole, ships in the Panama Canal, traffic at a local roundabout or monitor their own premises, live and in real time.

One main area of leisure on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This form of leisure creates communities, bringing people of all ages and origins to enjoy the world of multiplayer games. These range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from role-playing games to online gambling. This has revolutionized the way many people interact and spend their free time on the Internet.

Many use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and relaxation. There are paid and unpaid sources for all of these, using centralized servers and distributed peer-to-peer technologies.

Many use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and book holidays and to find out more about their ideas and interests.

People use chat, messaging and e-mail to make and stay in touch with friends worldwide. Social networking websites like MySpace, Facebook, Odnoklassniki and many others also put and keep people in contact for their enjoyment.

I. Match a word in section A with a word in section B:

A -1) fiber-optic cable 2) scientific [ ] demonstration [ ] 3) content management system 4) attachment [ ] 5) to put the file into a “shared location” 6) encryption 7) digital [ ] signature [ ] 8) to monitor one’s own premises 9) forms of leisure 10) user authentication [ ] 11) authenticity [ ] of the file 12) to obscure [ ]

B- a) система управления содержимым b) разрешить общий доступ к файлу c) наблюдать за собственным жильем d) идентификация пользователя e) скрывать f) интерактивная модель g) вложение; прикрепленный файл h) шифрование i) виды досуга g) подлинность файла k) оптоволоконный кабель l) цифровая подпись ● a) система керування вмістом b) дозволити спільний доступ до файлу c) спостерігати за власним житлом d) ідентифікація користувача e) приховувати f) інтерактивна модель g) вкладення; прикріплений файл h) шифрування i) види дозвілля g) справжність файлу k) оптоволоконний кабель l) цифровий підпис

II. Correct the following statements and give the right information:

1) Internet is a system of national computer networks. 2) There is no difference between the Internet and the Web. 3) English is the language of the Internet due to its simple structure. 4) Web pages can contain only text documents. 5) We can’t check the origin of the downloaded file. 6) People never use Internet for leisure. 7) Social networking hasn’t affected the ways people communicate.

III. Turn the sentences into the Passive Voice and translate them:

1) Early computers could handle characters of the English alphabet. 2) We had created the website by Saturday. 3) These features of Internet are changing distribution of music albums and movies. 4) Digital signatures will check the origin of the file. 5) She has sent the documents by e-mail.

IV. Answer the questions:

1) What is Internet? 2) Is there any difference between Internet and Web? 3) Why is English the prevalent language for communication in Internet? 4) What applications do we use to get access to the Internet resources? 5) What kind of data can web documents contain? 6) What are the ways of file transmission over Internet? 7) How can we use Internet for entertainment?

V Give the full name of the shortenings and explain the meaning:

HTML; MMORPG