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Should, ought

Exercise 33. Make up five sentences from each table.

Exercise 34. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay special atten­tion to the meaning and use of the modal verb should.

1. You should really have handed it straight over to your solici­tors. 2. " You should go to bed early", he said. " You look so tired". 3. You should have seen his face. 4. Should I report it? 5. " You should eat a proper breakfast", he said looking round in vain for signs of bacon and eggs. 6.1 should warn you that ignorance is no defence. 7.1 think we should talk to her friends. 8. I've never been to this place before but it think it should be good. 9. Of course one should have outside visitors more often. 10. Should I go out now, go away until they've come and gone? 11. You shouldn't criticize foreigners in Nancy's presence. 12. I think that child should be taken home. 13. You should burn those letters and forget it. 14. Should you mind putting your coat on an coming round with me to see a friend?

Exercise 35. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay special atten­tion to the meaning and use of the modal verb ought to.

1. But I ought to do something, oughtn't I, about that letter that came today? 2. I ought to never have kept you up so late. 3. You ought to be getting home. I've kept you too long. 4." We ought to set off back, now", he said. 5. Ought I not to set them free, to tell Arthur now that he should see Crystal more, that Crystal needed protection? 6. It made his blood boil to see little creatures of five or six crossing Picadilly alone. The police ought to have stopped the traffic at once. 7. Clarice started to tell her mother that she ought to give him one more chance. 8. " Munnie", Bert said, " don't you think we ought to send your father a cable? " 9. Do you think I ought to tell them about it? 10. You ought to come and see us at the College next time you're home. 11. I suppose you ought to prosecute in the public interest. 12. I think perhaps I ought to see your mother and discuss future plans. 13. The weather ought to be all right. 14. I ought to get in touch with poor George. 15. You ought to be ashamed of yourself, a big beast like you, to bite a poor little dog? 16. Sid was the life of that picnic. You ought to have heard him! 17. She ought never to have been employed at Marlborough House. It was like offering a lamb to a wolf. 18. I think you ought to be careful about the kind of movies you go to. I think you ought to see only the best ones.

Exercise 36. Paraphrase the following using the verbs should and ought.

A. 1. I advise you to buy this coat. 2. I advise you to go in for skating. 3. I advise you to read this book in the original. 4. I advise you to consult a doctor. 5. I don't advise you to go there tonight. 6. I advise you to take medicine. 7. I advise you to be careful with electrical appliances.

B. 1. I think you must wait for them. 2. I think you mustn't go there alone. 3. I think you must apologize to her. 4. I think she must not punish the boy for it. 5. I think you had better read aloud. 6. I would rather do something.

C. 1. It's a pity you didn't come to my place yesterday. 2. It's a pity he bought this camera. 3. It's a pity they didn't think about if before. 4. I'm sorry I went there. 5. It's a pity you broke it. 6. It’s a pity you gave me the wrong number. 7. It’s a pity you didn’t come to the Angolian party.

Exercise 37. Translate into English using the verbs should and ought.

І. Вам слід би робити ранкову зарядку. 2. Вам слід було б зачекати їх. 3. Їй не треба було брати дитину в кіно. 4. Нам треба було купити квитки заздалегідь. 5. Ти б провідала її. 6. Вам слід дістати цей журнал. 7. Вам слід бути уважнішими на уроках. 8. Тобі не треба було замикати дверей.

SHALL

Exercise 38. Make up five sentences from each table.

Exercise 39. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the verb shall.

1. Shall I come to find you some dry things, Kate? 2. Shall I run a warm bath for you? 3. " Shall I sum up? " said Dave. 4. " He shall be back", said Mrs. Carpenter, " I promise you". 5. Whatever happens, he shall be back in England for Christmas. 6. Come, then, shall I take you? Shall I take you to your Granny? 7. Shall I shave you this mor­ning, or would you rather do it yourself? 8. Shall I take your plate away? 9. When shall you return? 10. " Your commands shall be obeyed", said the leader. 11. You shall have nothing to eat until you do as I wish. 12. " Sidney, " said my mother, " Never marry a woman who drinks. Lips that touch liquor shall never touch yours! ". 13. You shall have the photograph you want.

Exercise 40. Paraphrase the sentences using the verb shall.

Mоde1: Do you want me to repeat it? - Shall I repeat it?

1. Do you want me to turn on the radio? 2. Do you want me to write this word on the blackboard? 3. Do you want me to lock the door? 4. Do you want me to post the letter? 5. Do you want him to fetch the book? 6. Do you want us to water the flowers?

WILL (WOULD)

Exercise 41. Paraphrase the following using the verbs will (would).

Model: Close the window, please. – Will (would) you close the window? I shall willingly buy it. – I will buy it.

I can't write with this pen. – This pen won't write.

A. 1. Come in, please. 2. Pass me the salt, please. 3. Please wait for me a little. 4. Give me your pen, please. 5. Turn on the light, please.

B. 1. I shall willingly play chess with him. 2. We shall willingly work in the field in summer. 3. We shall willingly go to the theatre this evening. 4. I shall willingly help you.

C. 1. I can't open the window. 2. I couldn't turn on the TV set. 3. I can't cut bread with this knife. 4. We can't work with this ma­chine. 5. She couldn't close the suitcase.

Exercise 42. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay special atten­tion to the meaning and use of the modal verb will.

1. I cannot and will not have scenes like this in the room where I work. 2. I will not talk to you. I will not be blackmailed by a stupid emotional woman. 3. " I won't hear a word against Italian girls", said Lauro, " And especially my wife". 4. " Gelda! Gelda! ", said the mother. " You will stop Gelda. You will say not more. You will be silent". 5. So, if you will allow me to join your party, I will also go to the Emerald City and ask Oz to help me. 5. Don't laugh, Jane. I won't have it. 6. " I will not have this misunderstanding come between us, Charles. I shall have it out with him tomorrow". 7. Old Ackroyd won't hear about Ralph, and they have to meet this way. 8. If you will allow me I will see you home. 9. I often write him but he won’t answer my letters.

Exercise 43. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay special attention to the meaning and use of the modal verb would.

1.Oh! Before you sit down would you be an absolute dear and do something for me? 2. Obviously, the heir would take care to recover the money before he returned the dog. 3. We could ask Anna, as well. Anna wouldn't want to come. 4. And he would sit alone for hours listening to the loudspeaker. 5. I didn't know what he meant, but he would not explain. 6. Sometimes, for days he would not speak. 7. I told her about it, but she wouldn't listen to me.

NEED

Exercise 44. Make up five sentences from each table.

Exercise 45. Paraphrase the following using the verb need.

Model: You learned the text by heart but it was unnecessary. – You needn't have learned the text by heart.

1. The woman sent for the doctor but it was unnecessary. 2. He went to the post-office but it was unnecessary. 3. She bought the tickets beforehand though it was unnecessary. 4. The pupils copied the text though it was unnecessary. 5. I bought a stamp but it was unnecessary.

Exercise 46. Give negative answers to the following questions.

Model: Must we do this exercise at home? – No, you needn't. You needn't do this exercise at home.

1. Must we come to school on Sunday? 2. Must I bring my dictio­nary tomorrow? 3. Must Nick rewrite his home-work? 4. Must I wait for you? 5. Must she go there herself?

Exercise 47. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay special atten­tion to the meaning and use of the modal verb need.

1. But you needn't get too upset, after all. 2. It wasn't my fault at all, and you needn't have mentioned it. 3. But you needn't mind her. She's only a silly old woman. 4. But we needn't let Clifford know, need we? 5. Just to keep business mechanically going, you needed money. You needn't really have anything else. 6." But you'd better ask your uncle if you can come". " I needn't do that". 7. " Oh, my dear fellow, that's asking a great deal. I've got a lot of work to do just now". " It needn't take you very long". 8. I've got some work to do with my secretary, so you needn't come back till six. 9. You needn't lose temper. I'm only demanding you to do your duty. 10. You needn't lay hands on me. I'm going. 11. " You needn't whisper, Mid. Think I don't know all that about Uncle Sid? " 12. I need hardly advise you, gentlemen, to lock your doors.

Exercise 48. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay special atten­tion to the meaning and use of the modal verb dare.

1. You know how Crystal feels about you. I expect she daren't even think about you now. 2. She did not dare to break his mysterious stillness. 3. " Oh! Connie imitated the breathless Miss Bentley, your Ladyship, if ever I should dare to presume! " 3. " Of course I had to have tea in Miss Bentley's shop", she said. " Really! Winter would have given you tea". " Oh yes, but I daren't disappoint Miss Bentley". 4." I'm a doctor", he laughed. " Snakes don't dare bite me". 5. I will give you my kiss, and no one will dare injure a person who has been kissed by the Witch of the North. 6. Don't you dare to bite Toto. 7. " We dare not harm this little girl", he said to them, " for she is protected by the Power of Good, and that is greater than the Power of Evil". 8. He dared scarce­ly think of the woman. He was afraid. 9. The girl sprung up. " How dare you ask me such a question. It's - it's insulting! ".

Exercise 49. Find modal verbs in the following sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian. Pay special attention to the meaning of the modal verbs.

1. Something can't be right or wrong just for yourself, if it's right or wrong it must be right or wrong for everybody. 2. People shouldn't feel helpless. Something ought to be done. 3. But dearest Frances, you must have seen girls like that girl a hundred times. Dublin is full of them. 4. And anyway, Father was saying they have no arms. They can't fight. 5. " Here, I've picked you a lovely green rosebud. Mind the thorns". " May there be no thorns in our life together". 6. No, you'd better not buy the ring. You may still change your mind. 7. I have very little time for social conversation, you must excuse me. 8. You can't apologize just by saying " I apologize", not in that to­ne. 9. I wish we could meet sometimes and talk, just talk of any­thing at all, that's in our minds. 10. " Listen, Kathleen. I must tell you something." 11. Don't talk so loudly. I can hear you quite well. You mustn't talk like that here. 12. You know he'll go wherever you go. Are we to tie him up or what? 13. " You know, you should have given me a ring, Christopher, it might have protected me." 14. I may be totally uneducated, but at least I can make bread and butter. 15. I shall never be able to explain that. 16. Well, I must say I'm a bit suspicious of these mysterious " specialists" who can't even tell you plainly what they're doing. 17. You oughtn't to spend the winter in London with that cough in your chest.

Exercise 50. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the meaning and use of the modal verb dare.

1. The modal verb dare is used only with the Indefinite Infinitive. 2. “How dare you ask the little Kelveys into the courtyard”, said her cold, furious voice. (Mansfield). 3. Did he dare to strike me when I was down? (E. Bronte). 4. He did not dare to meet his uncle. (Kruisinga). 5. How dare you go out by yourself after the orders I gave you? (Shaw). 6. You dare address me in that tone. (Shaw). 7. You know you didn’t dare give the order to charge the bridge until you saw us on the other side. (Shaw). 8. The verb dare as well as need has some peculiarities which make it different from other modal verbs. 9. Sometimes dare takes the auxiliary but is followed by the bare Infinitive. 10. Dare means “to have the courage (or impertinence) to do something” 11. In the negative sentence dare denotes the lack of courage to do something. 12. We often come across I dare say which has become a stock phrase and acquired a new meaning “I suppose”.