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Reading for pleasure and reflection

Jonathan Swift
(1667 – 1745)

Jonathan Swift was the greatest of English Satirists. His bitter satire was aimed at the contemporary social order in general, and at the policy of the English bourgeoisie towards the Irish in particular. That is why the Irish people considered Swift their champion in the struggle for the welfare and freedom of their country. Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, but he came from an English family. The writer’s father, supervisor at the court buildings of Dublin, died at the age of 25, leaving his wife and daughter penniless. His son was born 7 months after his death, on November 30, 1667. He was named Jonathan after his late father. Many years past. In 1713 Swift was made Dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin. While in Ireland this time, he came into contact with the common people and saw the miserable condition in which the population lived. Swift wrote pamphlets criticizing the colonial policy of England, intending thus to help the common people. The pamphlets made Swift so popular among the Irish people that he is said to have possessed more real influence over them than the highest of constituted authorities.

In 1726 Swift’s masterpiece “Gulliver’s Travels” appeared. Swift’s inventive genius and biting satire were at their best in this work, which made a great sensation.

Hard work and continuous disappointments in his life undermined Swift’s health.

By the end of 1731 his mind was failing rapidly. In 1740 his memory and reason were gone and he became completely deaf.

He died on the 19^th of October, 1745 in Dublin.

Gulliver’s Travels
A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG

Part I
I

I stayed only two months with my wife and family, because my great wish to see other countries did not let me stay longer. So, on the 20th of June, 1702, I left England on board the Adventure, which was sailing to India. The wind was good till we came to the Cape of Good Hope, where we landed for fresh water and also to repair the ship. Then our captain fell ill. So we were able to leave the Cape only at the end of March, 1703. We sailed to the north-east and had a good voyage at first, but on the 19th of April a very strong wind began to blow from the west and did not stop for twenty days. It carried us right across the Indian Ocean from west to east and out into the Pacific Ocean. Then the wind dropped and we were glad, but the captain told us to prepare for a storm. And next day a terrible storm really began. It was followed by a strong wind which carried us to the north-east, I think, about fifteen hundred miles. So, when the storm was over, the oldest sailor on board could not tell in what part of the world we were. Luckily, all our sailors were in good health and we had enough food, but very little fresh water.

On the 16th of June, 1703, a boy, who was sitting on the mast, saw land. We did not know what land it was. Our ship could not approach the coast because there were many sharp rocks and the sea was very rough. So we dropped an anchor, and the captain sent some of the sailors in a boat to look for fresh water. I asked the captain to let me go with them because I wanted to see the country.

When we reached the land, we saw no rivers and no sign of people. So the sailors went along the shore to find some fresh water, and I walked about a mile. I did not see anything interesting. I was tired and went back. When I reached the shore, I was very much surprised to see that our sailors were already in the boat and the boat was returning quickly to the ship. I opened my mouth to shout to them when I saw a giant. He was walking through the water after the boat. But the boat was already far from the shore, and the rocks were very sharp, so he could not catch it. I was frightened to death and ran inland as fast as I could.

Exercises

1. Open the brackets.

I (to stay) ______________ only two months with my wife and family, because my great wish (to see) ___________ other countries did not let me stay longer. So, on the 20th of June, 1702, I (to leave) ___________ England on board the Adventure, which (to sail) _____________ to India. The wind (to be) ________ good till we (to come) __________ to the Cape of Good Hope, where we (to land) __________ for fresh water and also to repair the ship.

2. Fill in the prepositions.

So we were able to leave the Cape only ______ the end _____ March, 1703. We sailed _____ the north-east and had a good voyage _____ first, but _____ the 19th ____ April a very strong wind began to blow _____ the west and did not stop ____ twenty days. It carried us right _____ the Indian Ocean ______ west ____ east and ____ ____ the Pacific Ocean.

3. Say true or false.

Then our captain felt well.
The next day a terrible storm really began.
We did not know what island it was.
I did not see anything interesting.
I was tired and stood.

4. Start the sentences.

_______________________________ were glad, but the captain told us to prepare for a storm. ____________________________________________ which carried us to the north-east, I think, about fifteen hundred miles. _______________________________ sailors on board could not tell in what part of the world we were. __________________.

______________________________________ enough food, but very little fresh water.

__________________________________________ surprised to see that our sailors were already in the boat and the boat was returning quickly to the ship.

5. Put the parts of the text in the right order.

So we dropped the anchor, and the captain sent some of the sailors in a boat to look for fresh water. I asked the captain to let me go with them because I wanted to see the country.	The wind was good till we came to the Cape of Good Hope, where we landed for fresh water and also to repair the ship. Then our captain fell ill.
So, when the storm was over, the oldest sailor on board could not tell what part of the world we were in. Luckily, all our sailors were in good health and we had enough food, but very little fresh water.	I stayed only two months with my wife and family, because my great wish to see other countries did not let me stay longer. So, on the 20th of June, 1702, I left England on board the Adventure, which was sailing to India.
But the boat was already far from the shore, and the rocks were very sharp, so he could not catch it. I was frightened to death and ran inland as fast as I could.	On the 16th of June, 1703, a boy, who was sitting on the mast, saw the land. Our ship could not approach the coast because there were many sharp rocks and the sea was very rough.

6. Correct the sentences.

On the 16th of June, 1703, a boy, who was sitting on the mast, saw lend.
I asked the captain to let me to go with them because I wanted to see the country.
When we riched land, we saw no rivers and no sign of people.
He walking through the water after the boat.

7. Choose the correct variant.

Our ship could not a) get, b) reach, c) approach the coast because there were many a) sharp, b) high, c) huge rocks and the sea was very rough. So we dropped (a/an, the) a) glasses, b) anchor, c) glass and the captain sent some of the sailors in a boat to look for a) mineral, b) fresh, c) cold water.

8. Match the words.

Along	to death
Fresh	sharp
About	the shore
Far from	a mile
Very	water
Was frightened	the shore

9. Make up a dialogue and dramatize it.

- _______________________________________________________

-_______________________________________________________

- _______________________________________________________

I climbed up a steep hill from which I could look around. I was surprised to see that the grass here was very high, about twenty feet.

Then I came to a wide road, as I thought, but it was really only a foot-path through a field. I walked along that path till I came to a great fence at the end of the field. Here I saw another giant, who climbed over the fence. He was as high as a tower. I was very much afraid and tried to run away and hide in the grass, but I soon fell down. I was lying and thinking of Lilliput, where I could pull a whole fleet in one hand, when I saw the giant’s foot over me. I screamed as loudly as I could, and he heard me. He stopped and looked at the ground around him. At last he saw me. He took me in his hand and brought me near his eyes to see me better. He thought that I was some insect or little animal. I was terribly frightened. “He will drop me on the ground, ” I thought. I raised my arms and looked up and asked him not to drop me. He did not understand me, but he was surprised that I could speak, so he carried me to his master who was a farmer.

The farmer looked at me with interest, then he put me down on the ground on all fours. But I got up at once and walked slowly here and there to show these people that I did not want to run away. I took off my hat and said some words to the farmer in a very loud voice. At last the farmer understood that I was not an animal, but a man. He spoke to me, but I did not understand him. Then he put his hand on the ground and made me a sign to step on it. I stepped on his hand and lay down in order not to fall. He covered me with his handkerchief and in this way carried me home.

When the farmer came home, he showed me to his wife, but she screamed and ran away, just as women in England do when they see a mouse or a frog. But later, when she saw that I was a man, she was very kind to me.

It was dinner-time. There were three children in the family and an old grandmother. The farmer put me on the table. His wife gave me a little piece of meat and some bread. They found the smallest glass, which was the size of a very large jar, and filled it with beer for me. I took it with great difficulty in both my hands and drank. Then I took my knife and fork out of my pocket and began to eat, which gave them great pleasure.

In the middle of the dinner, the farmer’s cat jumped on its mistress’s knees. It was three times larger than a cow. I knew, of course, that if you run away from a wild animal, it will run after you and attack you. So I did not show that I was afraid, but approached it and walked five or six times before the cat’s head. It paid no attention to me at all.

When dinner was almost over, the nurse came in with a child of a year old in her arms. The child saw me at once and began to cry, as children always do when they want to get a toy. Its mother put me near the child. It seized me and put my head in its mouth. I shouted so loudly that the child was frightened and dropped me. I did not break my neck only because the farmer's wife caught me in her dress.

Exercises

1. Complete the sentences.

I climbed up a _______ hill from which I could look ________. I was surprised to see that ___________ here was very high, about __________ feet. Then I came to a _______ road, as I thought, but it was _______ only a foot-path _________ a field. I walked along that ________ till I came to a great _________ at the end of the field. Here I saw another ________, who climbed over the ________. He was as high as a ____________.

2. Fill in the prepositions.

I was very much afraid and tried to run away and hide ____ the grass, but I soon fell down. I was lying and thinking _____ Lilliput, where I could pull a whole fleet _____one hand, when I saw the giant’s foot _____ me. I screamed as loudly as I could, and he heard me. He stopped and looked _____ the ground _______ him. _____ last he saw me. He took me _____ his hand and brought me ______ his eyes to see me better.

3. Open the brackets.

He (to think) __________ that I (to be) ________ some insect or little animal. I (to be) __________terribly frightened. “He (to drop) __________ me on the ground, ” I (to think) __________. I (to raise) ____________ my arms and (to look) _____________ up and (to ask) ___________ him not to drop me. He not (to understand) _________________me, but he (to be) ____________ surprised that I could speak, so he (to carry) ____________________ me to his master who (to be) _________________ a farmer.

4. Complete the sentences.

The farmer looked at me with interest, then ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

But I got up at once and walked slowly

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

I took off my hat and said ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

They found the smallest glass, which was

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

5. Write a description of the giant.

giant’s family ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Gulliver’s dinner ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

6. Find in the text who saved Gulliver’s life and get to know how it was done. Write the story below.

7. Say true or false.

Then he put his hand on the ground and made me a sign to step on it.
But later, when she saw that I was a woman, she was very kind to me.
His wife gave me a little piece of meat and some bread.
In the middle of the dinner, the farmer’s cat jumped on its mistress’s knees.
It paid attention to me all time.

8. Put the sentences in the right order.

I was terribly frightened.	I stepped on his hand and lay down in order not to fall.
At last he saw me.	He was as high as a tower.
I took it with great difficulty in both my hands and drank.	He spoke to me, but I did not understand him.

9. Correct the sentences.

There weretree children in the family and an old grandmother.
At last the farmer understood that I was not an animal, but a men.
It was threetime larger than a cow.
It seized me and put my head its mouse.
It’s mother put me near the child.

10. Choose the correct variant.

When the farmer a) got, b) reached, c) came home, he showed me to his a) relatives, b) wife, c) parents, but she a) creamed, b) cried, c) said and ran away, just as women in a) Europe, b) England, c) world do when they see a mouse or a a) frog, b) snake, c) dog. They found the smallest a) cup, b) glass, c) plate, which was the size of a very a) big, b) large, c) huge jar, and filled it with a) lemonade, b) juice, c) beer for me. Then I took my knife and fork out of my a) bag, b) pocket, c) parcel and began to eat, which gave them a) great, b) nice, c) fantastic pleasure.

11. Match the parts of the sentences.

It was	but approached it and walked five or six times before the cat’s head.
The farmer put	the farmer’s wife caught me in her dress.
I shouted so loudly that the child	was frightened and dropped me.
I did not break my neck only because	me on the table.
So I did not show that I was afraid	dinner-time.

12. Make up a dialogue and dramatize it.

- ________________________________________________________________

-________________________________________________________________

- ________________________________________________________________

-________________________________________________________________

III

After dinner my mistress noticed that I was very tired and wanted to sleep. She put me on her own bed and covered me with a clean white handkerchief. This handkerchief was larger than the sail of a big ship.

I slept about two hours. When I woke up, my mistress was not in the room. Suddenly two rats climbed up on the bed and began to run about. I stood up and pulled out my sword to defend myself.

These terrible animals attacked me on both sides and one of them caught me by the collar. I quickly struck it with my sword, and it fell down dead. The other rat ran away. When my mistress came in soon after that and saw blood on me, she ran and took me in her hand. I smiled and showed her the dead rat. When she saw that I was not hurt, she was very glad.

My mistress had a daughter nine years old. She liked me very much and took great care of me. She was very good with her needle and thread and made me seven shirts and some other clothes. She always washed my clothes herself. She also taught me their language. I called her Glumdalclitch, or little nurse. She was always with me when I was in this country, and I shall remember her care and kindness to the end of my days.

By and by more and more people learned about me. People said that my master had a strange little animal in his house, which looked like a man, was quite tame, walked on two legs and could speak.

One day, my master’s friend, another farmer, came to the house to look at me. He was very surprised to see such a little man. This farmer advised my master to show me to the public for money on market-days in the nearest town. My master liked this plan, and the next market-day carried me to the town in a box. He took Glumdalclitch with him to take care of me. My kind nurse put her doll’s quilt into the box to make me more comfortable. But still the journey was very hard and unpleasant, because the horse went about forty feet at every step, and I felt as if I was on board of a ship in a great storm.

My master stopped at an inn and asked the innkeeper to give him a large room where he could show me to the people. I was put upon a table in the middle of the room. My little nurse stood on a low stool at the table to take care of me and tell me what to do. My master allowed only thirty people at a time, to see me. I walked about on the table and spoke to them. Glumdalclitch asked me questions and I answered them. I pulled out my sword and waved it in the air. That day I was shown to twelve groups of people. In the evening I was half dead, and when we got home, I was ill for three days.

Exercises

1. Fill in the prepositions.

_____ dinner my mistress noticed that I was very tired and wanted to sleep. She put me ____ her own bed and covered me ____ a clean white handkerchief. This handkerchief was larger than the sail ____ a big ship. When I woke ___, my mistress was not ___ the room. Suddenly two rats climbed ___ ___ the bed and began to run ___. I stood ___ and pulled ____ my sword to defend myself.

2. Complete the sentences.

These terrible ________ attacked me on both _______ and one of them _____ me by the collar. I quickly _______ it with my _________, and it fell ______ dead. The other rat ______ away. When my mistress ______ in soon after that and _____ blood on me, she ran and ______ me in her hand. I smiled and _______ her the dead rat. When she saw that I was not ______, she was _____ glad. I slept ______ two hours.

3. Say true or false.

My mistress had a son nine years old.
She also taught me their language.
By and by more and more people learned about me.
That day I was shown to a group of people.
My master allowed only thirty people at a time to see me.

4. Put the sentences in the right order.

	The other rat ran away.		I slept about two hours.
	She liked me very much and took great care of me.		One day, my master’s friend, another farmer, came to the house to look at me.
	She put me on her own bed and covered me with a clean white handkerchief.		He was very surprised to see such a little man.

5. Correct the sentences.

She olways washed my clothes herself
He was very surprise to see such a little man.
He tuk Glumdalclitch with him to takecare of me.
I warked about on the table and spoke to them.
I called her Glumdalclitch, or little nirse.

6. Start the sentences.

__________________________________________________ shirts and some other clothes.

___________________________________________ in this country, and I shall remember her care and kindness to the end of my days. ___________________________________________ looked like a man, was quite tame, walked on two legs and could speak. _______________________________________ for money on market-days in the nearest town.

7. Open the brackets.

My master (to like) ____________ this plan, and the next market-day (to carry) ______________ me to the town in a box. My kind nurse (to put) _____________her doll’s quilt into the box to make me more comfortable. But still the journey (to be) __________ very hard and unpleasant, because the horse (to go) _____________ about forty feet at every step, and I (to feel) _________ as if I was on board of a ship in a great storm. My master (to stop) _________ at an inn and (to ask) _______ the innkeeper to give him a large room where he could show me to the people.

8. Choose the correct variant.

I was put upon a table in the a) corner, b) middle, c) opposite of the room. My little nurse stood on a low a) stool, b) chair, c) arm-chair at the table to a ) look after, b) take care, c) think of me and tell me what to do. a) People, b) Glumdalclitch, c) Citizents asked me questions and I answered them. I pulled out my a) sword, b) gun, c) pistol and waved it a) on, b) at, c) in the air. In the a) morning, b) afternoon, c) evening I was half dead, and when we a) reached, b) got home, c) came, I was ill for a) three, b) four, c) six days.

9. Make up a dialogue and dramatize it.

- ______________________________________________

Part II
I

When my master saw how much money he could make with my help, he thought of a new plan. He decided to carry me to the largest cities of the country and show me there. He prepared for a long journey, and on the 17^th of August, 1703, we started for the capital of the country. My master told Glumdalclitch to ride behind him. She carried me in a box which was tied round her waist.

My master’s plan was to show me in all the towns and villages on the way. Our journey lasted ten weeks, and I was shown in eighteen large towns and many villages. We passed over five or six rivers, much wider and deeper than the Nile. I did not even see a river the size of the Thames.

On the 26^th of October we came to the capital. My master found a room with a large table, round which he built a low fence. I was shown ten times a day. The people were very surprised and pleased. I could now speak their language rather well, and understood almost every word. This work was too hard for me, and in a few weeks I looked quite ill. The farmer noticed it and decided that I must soon die. So he began to think how to make as much money as possible before I died.

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