Переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот.

1. The general principles of all national banking systems are much the same everywhere, with the details varying from country to country.

2. People being able to use cheques as a means of payment, bank accounts are money.

3. In 1986 only 61 percent of British households had bank accounts, other people holding cash.

4. National income increasing, the total number of transactions usually increases.

5. Employment hours having increased, the GNP will also increase.

12. В следующих предложениях найдите независимый причастный оборот. Пере­ведите предложения на русский язык.

A) 1. An increase in price of one percent resulting in an increase in supply of more than one percent, the supply is called elastic.

2. Ceiling prices being controlled by the government, goods may find their way to the black market.

3. In the next 25 years or so, the average age in the United States in­creasing, problems of the aged rather than young people will be of importance.

4. With a financial panic everyone wanting his money at the same time, the bank is unable to pay.

5. Cheques being accepted in payment of purchases, people feel that a bank account is as good as or even better than money in their pocket.

B) 1. The two principal economic systems were considered to be capitalism and socialism, mixed economies lying in between those.

2. Natural resources are one of the three factors of production, the other two being labour and capital.

3. Auctions make buyers bid against each other, with the seller taking a passive role.

4. The world distribution of income is unjust, with poor countries hav­ing 61 percent of the world's population, but receiving only 6 per­cent of the world income.

13. Переведите предложения с союзом whether на русский язык.

1. Profit depends on whether the amount received is greater than the amounts paid.

2. Whether a faster growth rate of production is desirable, depends on whether a society wants to spend more on its needs of today or it is prepared to invest in tomorrow.

3. It makes a lot of difference to the banker whether the loan is in cash or in the form of a deposit.

4. Research workers never know whether or not they will find anything useful.

5. Average costs of production are important to the decision of whether or not to stay in business.

14. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на значения существительного means и глагола to mean.

1. In Marxist theory, proletariat is the social class that consists of workers who, not themselves owning any means of production, must sell their ability to work, receiving a wage in return.

2. Some economists believe incomes policy to be a good temporary means of keeping inflation under control.

3. With loans, indexation means that the amount to be repaid will rise with the price level.

4. Profit maximization is achieved by means of minimization of costs.

5. To stay in business, firma have to reach the profit maximizing level of output by any means they find necessary.

6. Compensation at certain intervals means that real wages are changing during these intervals.

7. Between 1965 and 1995, the increase in interest rates meant that the increase in real money demand was smaller than the increase in a real GNP.

8. Bank accounts are money because people can pay for purchases by means of cheques.