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Anticoagulant drugs
Anticoagulant drugs prevent the formation of thrombi by inhibiting the coagulation phase. They are used to prevent the formation and spread of venous and arterial thrombi; however, they are ineffective against existing thrombi. Anticoagulant therapy is used to treat deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism arising after immobilization or surgery; systemic or coronary arterial embolism caused by heart diseases or replacement of the prosthetic valve; and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which is a systemic activation of the system that leads to consumption of coagulation factors and hemorrhage. Heparin, used primarily in hospitalized patients, is a mixture of negatively charged mucopolysaccharides. An endogenous substance whose physiological role is not understood, heparin blocks the coagulation cascade by promoting the interaction of a circulating inhibitor of thrombin (antithrombin III) with activated clotting factors. Because it is not well-absorbed when taken orally, heparin is given intravenously to inhibit coagulation immediately; the onset of the drug's effect is delayed after subcutaneous administration. Heparin is not bound to plasma proteins, it is not secreted into breast milk, and it does not cross the placenta. The drug's action is terminated by metabolism in the liver and excretion by the kidney. The major side effect associated with heparin is hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia (reduced number of circulating platelets) and hypersensitivity reactions also occur. Oral anticoagulants and heparin have additional anticoagulant effects. Heparin-induced hemorrhage may be reversed with the antagonist protamine, a positively charged protein that has a high affinity for heparin's negatively charged molecules, thus neutralizing the drug's anticoagulant effect. When given in combination with heparin, dihydroergotamine, which constricts veins and increases blood flow, increases heparin's antithrombotic effect. Забиваем Сайты В ТОП КУВАЛДОЙ - Уникальные возможности от SeoHammer
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