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He had his eyes fixed always Він завжди спрямовував on the future. (London) свій погляд у майбутнє.

This sentence, accordingly, may also be translated word-for-word:

Б/й завжди мав свій погляд спрямованим у майбутнє./Його

погляд завжди був спрямований у майбутнє.

Ruth Morse seemed further Pvm Морз. здавалося, removed than ever. (Ibid.) відхилилася від нього далі, ніж

Будь-коли.

The last sentence can be translated with the help of a com­plex sentence as well, with the verb seemed turned into the introduc­tory principal clause: Здавалось, Рут Морз відступила від нього далі, ніж будь-коли.

It should be pointed out in conclusion that there are some con­structions with the past participle in English which may erroneously be taken for the nominative absolute participial complexes, which in reality they are not. These constructions have also a past participle for their syntactic head and may occupy an initial, middle or final position in the sentence:

Взяті заручниками представ­ники французького міжнародно­го Червоного Хреста потрапи­ли до рук ворожого Масхадову військового угрупування.

Participial constructions of the kind are often formed from in­transitive verbs:

Arrived at this point, we Прибувши на це місце, ми halted. (S.Leacock). зробили зупинку/ми зупинилися.

The nature and meaning of the kind of participial construction is more transparent, when it follows the noun and occupies a con­cluding position, as in the following sentence:

He spoke with rare affection Він з особливою любов'ю of his sister Jean, now married розповідав про свою сестру, and comfortably settled in Тупе вже одружену, яка щасливо castle. (Cronin) поживає в Тайнському замку.

Nothing in common with the NAPC have also constructions with the concluding past participle as in He had his hair cut, she had her photo taken, which are translated with the help of finite forms of the verb (predicate): Він підстригся, вона сфотографувалась.

Taken together, the results of Підсумовуючи/У підсумку the reaction proved the existence наслідки реакції підтвердили of some touch in the solution. існування домішок у розчині.

Given the present financial Враховуючи/зважаючи на situation in South Korea, no other сучасний фінансовий стан move from the IMF could be ex- Південної Кореї, інших кроків від pected. (Fin. News) МВФ не доводилось очікувати.

Exercise VI. State the nature of the participial construc­tions in

the sentences below and translate them into Ukrainian.

Suddenly he heard someone running down the stairs. 2. I saw people wearing different clothes today. (C.Schimmels) 3. Through the open door of her room, he saw her pushing up her window. (Cronin) 4.1 had seen her three hours ago turning off the main road. 5. He saw the car coming over the rise of a hill. 6. «Just look at the rain coming down!» (Cheever). 7. Suddenly I saw the brush moving on the opposite side of the ravine. 8.1 watched them (Aleuts) landing on the bay. (O'Dell) 9.1 hear him calling her name. (Fitzgerald) 10.1 thought I detected a bazooka replying, then all was quiet again. 11. «You'll have them fighting.» 12. I would imagine him going up my stairs, knocking at my door, sleeping in my bed. (Greene) 13. She could hear the man and Soames talking together. 14. «And yet I don't see him doing it.» 15. «And yet we can see him taking no fur­ther notice.» 16. I don't want them writing home.» (Galsworthy) 17. Despite his concern for Alexander, Coleman found himself becom­ing annoyed. 18. As he spoke, Mike Seddrus found himself regard­ing this girl with even greater interest. 19. David Coleman found him­self liking this girl. (Hailey) 20. He remembers Barker coming into the mess and starting to tell about it. 21.... I listened to him breathing regularly. 22. In the morning the old man could feel the morning com­ing. 23. One evening he was seen going into this very house, but

was never seen coming out of it. (J.K.Jerome). 24 Did you ever see baseball played? 25. «I heard your testimonial read in the Police Court, Fleur» (Galsworthy) 26. «He saw her face contorted for a moment with the extremity of his feeling...» 27. On Wednesday morning Julia had her face massaged and her hair waved. (Maugham) 28. He saw her arms raised as she fixed her hair before a mirror. (London) 29. But they would feel their tails being tied! (Galsworthy) 30. At six forty-five I walked down to the quay to watch the American planes unloaded. (G.Greene) 31.1 watched him adjusting himself a little, visibly. (Fitzgerald) 32. We have the enemy almost surrounded. (Cheever) 33. I always see you this time of the year going up. (W.Maken) 34. This point is obvious: given the choice, businessmen would rather not pay bribes. (Newsweek) 35. Given the shortage of officers, it was not unusual for majors or captains to command bri­gades. (Encyclopedia of Ukraine -Toronto. Univ. Press.) 36. Given those anxieties, Germany's political and journalistic establishment enthusiastically greeted the appointment of Mr.Kornblum. 37. Given his background, Clinton doubted his own ability to have a successful marriage. (Intern. Herald Tribune)

C. Ways of translating the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions

These English secondary predication word-groups, which are very often used in literary substyles, are presented in some structur­ally different types. The main of them are three:

The nominative absolute participial constructions consist­ing of a synthetic or analytical paradigm of the present participle. This type of secondary predication complexes may have the form of a synthetic or an analytic paradigm of the participle. For example, in the underlined nominative absolute participial construction This duty done, we refilled our glasses (J.K.Jerome), the paradigm of the par­ticiple is simple, i.e. synthetic. It has been derived, respectively, ei­ther from a less extended (The duty being done), or from a more extended/full analytical paradigm of this participle (The duty having been done). The contracted and less extended forms of the nomina­tive absolute participial constructions are much more occurent in present-day English than their full paradigmatic forms, in which some emphasis is always laid on the categorial meanings (tense, aspect, voice) of the action expressed through the componental parts of the paradigm. Cf.: This duty having (perfective aspect) been (passive voice) done (accomplished action). When no emphasis is laid on the