Exercise II. Identify the meanings of the verb dare/daresay in the given sentences and translate them info English.

1. «How dare she come here!» cried Davidson indignantly. 2. «I simply dared not think what he meant.» 3. «I dare say you'd like to think it over a little.» 4. «I dressed in a hurry I dare say.» 5. «I dare say there's a great deal about human nature that I don't know.» (Maugham) 6. «I dare say he'll be happy enough.» 7. «I dare say he'll make a very good husband,» said Tarrell patronizingly. (W.Jacobs) 8. «Dare not say that man forgets sooner than woman». (J.Austen) 9. No conquistador dared to move without a royal licence. (J.Heming) 10. «How dare he say such a thing?» (B.Shaw) 11. He dared not go near Ruth's neighbourhood next in the day time. (London). 12. He did not dare to travel after dark. (London) 13. «I dare not be alone at night.» (Voynich) 14. Margaret did not dare to define her feeling. (Gaskell)

English Modal Verbs Having not Aways Modal Verb Equivalents in Ukrainian

Apart from the afore-mentioned there are four more modal verbs in English, which practically lack direct lexical equivalents in Ukrainian. These modal verbs are: shall, will, would and partly should, the latter being only historically the past form of shall, which, like the modal verb iv/7/and would, may sometimes have implicit meanings but lacking explicit lexical equivalents in Ukrainian. This is partly explained by the complicated nature of shall, will, would and should, which mostly combine their modal meanings with that of the auxiliary one, pertained to some of these verbs.

A. Shall in its modal meaning is most of all used with the second and third persons plural and sometimes (though mostly in interrogative sentences) with the first person singular and plural. Depending on the intention of the speaker, the modal verb shall may express in combination with the notional infinitive the following main meanings:

1. Will or intention which can be conveyed in Ukrainian either with the help of the verbxom/mu or through the logical stress on the verb that implicitly expresses this meaning plus the corresponding intonation (prosodic means) of the sentence. Cf.:

«Shall I tell you how I felt as а «Розповісти вам, як я,
mate of my high school stu- дорослий, почувався учнем в
dents?» (С. Schimmels) одному з коледжів?»

The principal clause shall I tell in this sentence has the im-

plicit contextual meaning corresponding to the Ukrainian «Хочете/ бажаєте, щоб я розповів вам...? «

A similar meaning of wish or will of the person addressed has the modal verb shall with the infinitive in the following sentence:

Their eyes met. «Shall І їхні погляди зустрілися, serve?» said Doris. (Maugham) «Допомогти (вам)?» - запитала Доріс.