Text 12

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Text 12

Read the newspaper article and choose the most suitable sentence from the list (A-H) for each part (1-6) of the article. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A It is also illegal to leave anything like this on land (or ice) in Antarctica, so all waste must be taken away on board ship and disposed of elsewhere.

B This is why the Antarctic is now one of the most controlled regions of the world, in terms of regulations concerning pollution.

C These may include playing football, skiing for recreation and diving beneath the sea.

D It is also possible that future studies of a lake covered by 3.7 km of ice might reveal bacteria over half a million years old.

E An example of this is what is called 'marine litter' which includes hooks and nets left in the ocean and which can cause harm to fish, birds and seals.

F It is also a lesson because the regulations in force there show us what can be done for the environment, and what must be done for the environment.

H This is an approach which takes account of the whole of the food chain which means that it assesses the numbers of seals and seabirds as well as fish, squid and krill (a creature like a shrimp).

The first people to reach the South Pole - in modern times, anyway - were Roald Amundsen and the Norwegian Antarctic expedition, in December 1911. [0-G] Explorers had been trying to reach the Antarctic for over a hundred years because it represented the ultimate challenge: the coldest and windiest continent in the world.

Nowadays, scientists from over 27 countries work in the Antarctic all year round and there is even a small amount of tourism in the summer months. The Antarctic still represents a challenge, but a challenge of a different sort. Since the 1960s, people have come to realise that the Antarctic holds the key to the history of our planet: past, present and future.

Antarctica has preserved valuable evidence of the natural history of our planet. Evidence from fossils shows how life evolved during geological time. The Antarctic has a crucial role to play in helping us understand global change. Analysing sediment from its different lakes makes it possible to collect information on climate change over the last 10, 000 years. [1- ] The 4 km thick ice sheet is a frozen record of the last 500, 000 years. Bubbles in the ice contain atmospheric gases. Frozen into the ice is evidence of levels of global pollution by industry, agriculture and atomic bombs.

The Antarctic provides valuable information about what is currently happening to the ozone layer and about global warming. Scientists are also discovering that the ice sheet may contribute to changes in sea level. What happens in Antarctica affects the world's climate and the world's oceans. [2- ]

Up until the 1960s, some species of whale and seal were driven almost to extinction by human activities in Antarctica. However, due to greater environmental awareness, all plants and animals in Antarctica are now protected by regulation. There is a special regulation to protect the six species of seal which breed in the Antarctic.

Fishing in the Antarctic regions is also strictly controlled. The control is based on the 'ecosystem approach'. [3- ] Commercial fishing is strictly limited and severe measures aim to minimise illegal fishing. At the moment, there is international concern over the environmental impact of fishing in the seas of the Antarctic. [4- ]

There are also strict measures to control marine pollution. It is illegal to dump into the sea any kind of toxic chemicals, oil, plastics, rubbish or sewage. [5- ]

Antarctica provides information on the past, present and future of our planet, and controls major issues in the rest of the world, like sea level. In this sense, it is a warning because it tells us what we have done wrong as regards the ozone layer and global warming, for instance. [6- ] It is up to us to listen and act before it is too late.

Завідувач кафедри __________ Т.І. Крехно Викладачi _______________І.С. Лученцова