The centrifugal pump

The centrifugal pump only works when it has been immersed in the liquid.

In its stationary casing a rotating impeller causes a centrifugal force that will discharge the liquid at high velocity through the discharge line.

The Anchor winch (windlass)

The anchor winch is used to drop, heave in and pay out the anchor. It consists of shafts and winding-mechanisms with brakes and clutches.

An electric- or electric-hydraulic motor drives the driving shaft, which drives the intermediate shaft, which drives the main shaft. The main shaft is divided into two sections that carry the starboard and port gearwheels and cable lifters. Cable lifters are fitted with band brakes that control the dropping speed of the anchors. The coupling between the gearwheel and the cable lifter is usually a dog clutch. By shifting the cable lifter the anchor winch will be engaged or stopped. The anchor chain is hoved in through the hawse pipe and stored in the chain locker. The intermediate shaft is fitted with warping drums at its extremities.

Warping drums are used to pick up any slack and keep the ship's lines tight.

They are also used to shift the vessel's berth. In this way the vessel will not have to use her engines when shifting berth along the embankment.

The Steering Engine

A telemotor is a motor that is operated by means of remote control.

A typical example of the telemotor is the steering engine, which operates the rudder.

It is bridge-controlled, which means that it is operated from the bridge by the mate or the helmsman. The most common type of steering engine consists of a starboard- and port cylinder, in which rams are actuated by electronic signals that are transmitted when the steering wheel on the bridge is turned.

The two rams are connected to each other by a swivel block in a crosshead. The crosshead is fixed to the tiller. This tiller has an opening, called the rudder trunk.

The rudder stock is part of the rudder and goes through rudder trunk.

When the steering-wheel is turned, the pressure in the hydraulic system is built up, forcing the ram in one of the cylinders to be pushed out and the other ram to be pushed in.

This actuates the crosshead with the swivel block and the tiller, causing the rudder to turn and the ship to make an alteration of course.