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Hyperbole
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Another SD which also has the function of intensifying one certain property of the object described is hyperbole. It can be helmed as a deliberate overstatement or exaggeration of a leature essential (unlike periphrasis) to the object or phenomenon. In its extreme form this exaggeration is carried to an illogical degree, sometimes ad absurdum. For example:
" He was so tall that I was not sure he had a face." (O. Henry) or, " Those three words (Dombey and Son) conveyed the one idea of Mr. Dombey's life. The earth was made for Dombey and Son to trade in and the sun and moon were made to give them light. Rivers and seas were formed to float their ships; rainbows gave them promise of fair weather; winds blew for or against their enterprises; stars and planets circled in their orbits to preserve inviolate a system of which they were the centre." (Dickens)
In order to depict the width of the river Dnieper Gogol uses the following hyperbole:
" It's a rare bird that can fly to the middle of the Dnieper."
Like many stylistic devices, hyperbole may lose its quality as a stylistic device through frequent repetition and become a unit of the language-as-a-system, reproduced in speech in its unaltered form. Here are some examples of language hyperbole:
'A thousand pardons'; 'scared to death', 'immensely obliged; ' 'I'd give the world to see him.' Byron says:
" When people say " I've told you fifty times"
They mean to scold, and very often do."
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1 McKnight, G. H. Modern English in the Making. Ldn, 1930, p. 543.
Hyperbole differs from mere exaggeration in that it is intended to be understood as an exaggeration. In this connection the following quotations deserve a passing note:
" Hyperbole is the result of a kind of intoxication by emotion, which prevents a person from seeing things in their true dimensions... If the reader (listener) is not carried away by the emotion of the writer (speaker), hyperbole becomes a mere lie." 1
V. V. Vinogradov, developing Gorki's statement that " genuine art enjoys the right to exaggerate, " states that hyperbole is the law of art which brings the existing phenomena of life, diffused as they are, to the point of maximum clarity and conciseness.2
Hyperbole is a device which sharpens the reader's ability to make a logical assessment of the utterance. This is achieved, as is the case with other devices, by awakening the dichotomy of thought and feeling where thought takes the upper hand though not to the detriment of feeling.
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