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Reported questions, orders, requests
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(Вопросы, приказы, просьбы в косвенной речи)
Косвенную речь можно использовать для передачи чужой речи, содержащей вопросы, приказы, просьбы.
Правила преобразованиявопросов, приказов, просьб прямой речи в косвенную:
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
| Общие вопросы с have, do или be ‘Have you been to the gallery? ’ he asked her. ‘Do you want a cup of tea? ’ the waiter asked. ‘Are you writing a letter? ’ I asked John. | > He asked her if she had been to the gallery. > The waiter asked if I wanted a cup of tea. > I asked John if he was writing a letter. |
| Общие вопросы с модальными глаголами ‘Can you paint? ’ Mary asked her friend. ‘Will you call me? ’ I asked Ted. ‘Shall I do this? ’ I asked her. ‘May I borrow your book? ’ the student asked his friend | > Mary asked her friend if he could paint. > I asked Ted if he would call me. > I asked her if I should do this. > The student asked his friend if he might borrow his book. |
| Специальные вопросы ‘What kinds of shoes are in fashion now? ’ my sister asked me. ‘Who did you see at the exhibition? ’ asked Tom. ‘Which one do you want? ’ I asked Sam. ‘When will they finish the job? ’ the boss asked. ‘Why did you come here? ’ the policeman asked me. ‘How much did it cost? ’ my mum asked me. | > My sister asked me what kinds of shoes were in fashion at that moment. > Tom asked who I had seen at the exhibition. > I asked Sam which one he wanted. > The boss asked when they would finish the job. > The policeman asked me why I had come at that place. > My mum asked me how much it had cost. |
| Приказы ‘Give me your money! ’ the robber said | The robber told us to give him our money. |
| Просьбы ‘Please don’t talk in class, ’ the teacher said. | The teacher asked not to talk in class. |
В косвенных общих вопросах вместо if можно использовать whether. (He asked her whether she had been to the gallery.)
В косвенных специальных вопросах используется прямой порядок слов.
Практические задания:
1. Выберите правильный вариант:
· ‘Has your brother gone out? ’ mum asked me.
Mum asked me if my brother has gone/had gone out.
· ‘Do you know the answer? ’ the teacher asked the student.
The teacher asked the student if he knew/had known the answer.
· ‘Is it your car? ’ the police officer said to the man.
The police officer asked the man if it is/was his car.
· ‘Have you been to the exhibition? ’ I asked Ben.
I asked Ben if he went/had been to the exhibition.
· ‘Does your laptop need a new battery? Jerry asked me.
Jerry asked me if my laptop needed/will need a new battery.
2. Передайте следующие приказы и просьбы в косвенной речи:
· ‘Explain to me how to solve this problem, ’ asked my friend.
· ‘Take this book and read it, ’ said the librarian to the student.
· ‘Go home, ’ said the teacher to us.
· ‘Don’t go for a walk today, ’ my mother asked me.
· ‘Open the door please, ’ she asked.
3. Восстановите прямую речь:
· Tom said he would go to see the professor the next day.
· He told me he was ill.
· She said she was feeling bad that day.
· They said they would not go to the university until Monday.
· She told me she had caught cold.
4. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи:
· I said to Nick, ‘Where are you going? ’
· The man asked, ’How can I get to the railway station? ’
· They said to him, ‘What time does the train start? ’
· I said to Mary, ‘What kind of book has your friend brought you? ’
· She asked me, ‘What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office? ’
5. Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи:
- I asked Bob, ‘Does your friend live in London? ’
- Mike asked his friend, ‘Will you come to the station to see me off? ’
- I asked Kate, ‘Did anybody come to see me? ’
- She said to the man, ‘Can you call a taxi for me? ’
- The man asked the receptionist, ‘Have you sent a mail? ’
Texts for extra reading and translation:
1. A major breakthrough in particle physics came in the 1970s when physicists realized that there were very close ties between two of the four fundamental forces – namely, the weak force and the electromagnetic force. The two forces can be described within the same theory, which forms the basis of the Standard Model. This ‘unification’ implies that electricity, magnetism, light and some types of radioactivity are all manifestations of a single underlying force called, unsurprisingly, the electroweak force. But in order for this unification to work mathematically, it requires that the force-carrying particles have no mass. We know from experiments that this is not true, so physicists Peter Higgs, Robert Brout and Franç ois Englert came up with a solution to solve this conundrum.
They suggested that all particles had no mass just after the Big Bang. As the Universe cooled and the temperature fell below a critical value, an invisible force field called the ‘Higgs field’ was formed together with the associated ‘Higgs boson’. The field prevails throughout the cosmos: any particles that interact with it are given a mass via the Higgs boson. The more they interact, the heavier they become, whereas particles that never interact are left with no mass at all.
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