Future Perfect

Будущее завершенное обозначает действие, которое закончится к определенному моменту в будущем или до начала другого действия в будущем.

Будущее завершенное (перфектное) образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола в будущем времени и причастия II знаменательного (смыслового) глагола: shall/will have + Participle II (v3):

Практические задания

1. Употребите следующие выражения в Future Perfect:

He takes; they drive; it works; we played; will he meet me?

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Perfect:

a. Hockey (to play) by six o’clock tomorrow.

b. These flowers (to be sold) in the shop by eight o’clock next weekend.

c. A new house (to appear) on this street by next year.

d. What you (to do) at seven o’clock tomorrow?

e. How many pages he (to read) by tomorrow evening?

3. Сделайте предложение вопросительным и отрицательным:

a. I’ll have given him this interesting book by tomorrow.

b. We’ll have translated this text by the next class tomorrow.

c. He’ll have completed his work by the time I arrive.

4. Переведите на русский язык:

a. He will not have written his essay by tomorrow class.

b. We shall have done the translation by five o’clock next day.

c. They will have arrived at the station by seven o’clock the day after tomorrow.

5. Переведите на английский язык:

a. Когда ты придешь ко мне завтра, я уже прочитаю твою книгу.

b. Сестра приедет с вокзала к пяти часам завтра.

c. Мама приготовит праздничный обед завтра к трем часам.

d. Вы вернете мне эту книгу к завтрашнему занятию?

e. Почтальон доставит посылку завтра к семи утра.

Texts for additional reading:

Meaning of colors

Red

Red is the color that is on the outside edge of the rainbow. It is one of the three primary colors. Red light has a wavelength between 630-750 nanometers.

· Red is the color of some apples.

· Red is the color of some blood and the occasional tomato.

· It is sometimes used to mark things that are wrong, important, or dangerous.

· Red is also commonly used as a warning to stop (stop signals, stop red lights).

· Red can represent passion, anger, or love.

· Red also has the meaning of strong desire for love or to be in a relationship.

· In politics, " red" is a symbol of Communism. The " Red Army" can refer to the army of the old Soviet Union or the People's Republic of China. It is also related to the Red Brigade.

· Red is the color of fire and blood so it is associated with energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination, as well as passion, desire, and love.

· Red is an emotionally intense color. It is thought that it tends to raise blood pressure and make people breathe faster. It is very easy to notice, which is why stop signs, stoplights, and fire equipment are usually painted red.

· In heraldry, red is often used to indicate courage. It is a color found in many national flags.

· Red brings attention to text and images on the Internet.

· In advertising, red is often used to cause erotic feelings.

· Red is associated with energy, so it may be used to promote enery drinks, games, cars, items related to sports and high physical activity.

Orange

Orange is the color of an orange fruit, which is where the name of the color comes from. Before the orange fruit was introduced to England in the 1500s, this color was called red-yellow. The first recorded use of orange as a color name in English was in 1512, in the court of King Henry VIII.

Orange is also one of the few words in the English language that does not rhyme with any other word.

· To the human eye, orange is a very " hot" color, so it gives the feeling of heat. But orange is not as heated as red.

· As a citrus color, orange is associated with healthy food and is appetising. Orange is the color of autumn and harvest.

· Though rare in heraldry, orange is symbolic of strength and endurance.

· Orange is very easy to see, so people can use it to catch attention and highlight the most important elements of a design. Orange is very effective for promoting food products and toys. On road signs, the orange color means there is construction work ahead. It is used for these signs because it can easily be seen even at night.

· Dark orange can mean lying or not trusting somebody. Red-orange means desire, sexual passion, pleasure, power, aggression, and thirst for action.

Yellow

· Yellow can represent light and the sun's rays.

· Yellow can be interpreted as a sign of cowardice.

· On road signs in the USA, yellow means " warning" or " danger". It is used to mean this because it is easy to see. Some animals, like bees and hornets, also use the color in combination with black as a warning so that other animals will know to stay away from them.

· Inkjet printers use yellow ink as one of their three basic colors, along with cyan ink and magenta ink.

Green

Green is between the yellow and blue colors in a rainbow. Green paint can be made by mixing yellow paint and blue paint together.

Green light, like all lights, is quantal. The wavelength of green light is about 550 nanometers (one-billionth of a meter).

Most leaves of growing plants, such as trees and bushes are green. This is because there is a chemical in leaves, called chlorophyll, which is colored green.

· Green is seen as the color of nature. It is a symbol of growth, harmony, freshness, and fertility.

· Green is also associated with money in the United States (American dollars are called greenbacks).

· Green is also seen as be able to stay the same and durable. Sometimes green can stand for " no experience". For example, a 'greenhorn' is a beginner.

· In heraldry, green stands for growth and hope.

· Green also stands for safety. It is the color for " GO" on traffic lights.

· Because green is seen as the color of nature, it is often used with environment-friendly products.

· A person who is said to have a green thumb is good at growing plants.

· Dark green is associated with ambition, greed, jealousy, and envy.

· A very pale yellow-green can mean sickness, being scared, discord, jealousy, and envy.

· However, a bright green can mean health and healing.

· Olive green is the traditional color of peace.

Blue

Blue is one of the colors of the rainbow that people can see. It is one of the three traditional primary colors, along with red and yellow. It has the shortest wavelength of these colors (about 470 nanometers).

· Blue is the color of the earth's sky and sea. Earth looks blue when seen from outer space by astronauts.

· Blue is a color used to show coldness. It is also one of the colors your lips can turn if you are chilly.

· Blue is the color of a bluebird.

· Blue is often associated with depth and stability. It symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven.

· Blue is considered beneficial to the mind and body. It slows human metabolism and produces a calming effect. Blue is strongly associated with tranquility and calmness. In heraldry, blue is used to symbolize piety and sincerity.

· Blue is a masculine color; according to studies, it is highly accepted among males.

· Light blue is associated with health, healing, tranquility, understanding, and softness.

· Dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and seriousness. It is also associated with depth, expertise, and stability; it is a preferred color for corporate America.

Indigo

Indigo is one of the colors of the rainbow.

The brightest tone of indigo is the sixth color of the rainbow, a hue lying between blue and violet. The color shown at right, electric indigo, is the closest color it is possible to display on a computer to the color of the indigo color band in the rainbow.

Isaac Newton named and defined indigo as a spectrum color when he divided up the spectrum into the seven colors of the rainbow.

The name of the color indigo originally came from the indigo plant. Indigo is a dye made from the indigo plant, used to dye cloth. Indigo dye also is used to dye denim cloth, which is used to make what are called blue jeans (they should really be called indigo jeans). This shade of indigo, called indigo dye (shown at left above in the picture and in the color chart below), is darker than the spectrum indigo shown above.

The indigo plant originally came from the nation of India. The Ancient Greek language word for the dye is indikon. The Romans used the term indicum, which passed into Italian dialect and eventually into English as the word indigo.

These things are colored indigo:

· some grapes

· night sky in the mid evening

· blueberries

· some eggplants

Indigo represents religion, spirituality and intuition.

In the Hindu religion, indigo represents the 6^th chakra.

Violet

Black

Black is associated with power, elegance, formality, anarchy, death, evil, and mystery. Black is a dark color, the darkest color there is. Black, along with gray and white, is a neutral color. This means that it is not a hot color or a cool color.

Black is a color seen with fear and the unknown (black holes). It can have a bad meaning (blacklist, 'black death', black cat) or a good meaning ('in the black', 'black is beautiful'). Black can stand for strength and power. It can be a formal, elegant, and high-class color (black tie, black Mercedes, black taco). Black clothing is common in emo and goth subculture.

White

White is the color of pure sunlight. White light can be made by putting all the other colors of light on the spectrum together. These other colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

White is linked with light, goodness, innocence, purity, cleanliness and virginity. It is thought to be the color of perfection. The opposite of black, white usually has a positive connotation. White can stand for a successful beginning. In heraldry, white depicts faith and purity.

In advertising, white is linked with coolness and cleanliness because it is the color of snow. You can use white to show simplicity in high-tech products. White is an appropriate color for charitable organizatios; angels are usually imagined wearing white clothes. White is associated with hospitals, doctors, and sterility, so you can use white to show safety when promoting medical products. White is often linked with low weight, low-fat food, and dairy products.

Unit 4