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Guy Fawkes Night

Guy Fawkes Night or the Bonfire Night is the most “British” festival which is celebrated annually on November 5th. Its origin stems from the event which took place in 1605 and was the downfall of a Catholic conspiracy known as the Gunpowder Plot (заговор).

The early 17^th century saw the increased repression of Catholics in England. In 1605, a group of provincial English Catholics, including Guy Fawkes, intended to kill King James I and most of the Protestant aristocracy. The conspirators filled a cellar in the Palace of Westminster with thirty-six barrels of gunpowder (порох). They planned to blow up the Palace on November the 5^th, the day set for the opening of Parliament by the King. The explosives were prepared by Guy Fawkes, a man with 10 years' military experience. As the fifth of November drew near, one of the conspirators felt a wish to warn his relative to keep away from the opening Parliament by writing him a mysterious letter, which contained the words “the Parliament should receive a terrible blow”. The letter was shown by the addressee to the King, and the plot was discovered. All the plotters were taken to the Tower of London, tortured, and executed for treason (измена).

The plotters

In London, bonfires were lit to celebrate the discovery of the plot soon after the conspirators were arrested, and a year later Parliament agreed to make the 5^th of November a day of public thanksgiving. Every year since then people in towns and villages across the country except for Northern Ireland remember the “Gunpowder Plot”. The celebrations involve fireworks and the building of bonfires on which traditionally " guys" (dummies of Guy Fawkes) are burnt, although this practice is not always observed in modern times. By the 1990′ s too many people were getting injured by fireworks so that the law changed on who could buy and sell them.

One of the ceremonies which accompanies the opening of a new session of Parliament is a traditional searching of the basement by the Guard. It has been said that for superstitious reasons, no State Opening of Parliament has or ever will be held again on November 5th. Guy Fawkes Night is not a public holiday. Businesses, organizations and schools are open as usual. In the evening bonfires and fireworks are lit all over London. A number of squares and parks have their usual big shows that attract both Londoners and tourists. Some London firework displays are free, while others have a small entry charge. Profits are often donated to charity. Several traditional rhymes have accompanied the festivities, e.g.:

Remember, remember the fifth of November

Gunpowder treason and plot.

I see no reason, why gunpowder treason

Should ever be forgot.

1.Say if it is true, false or there is no information in the text:

1) Guy Fawkes Night is celebrated every year in all parts of the UK.

2) The conspirators who devised the Gunpowder Plot belonged to the Protestant English aristocracy.

3) Guy Fawkes was the leader of the conspiratorial group.

4) The conspirators didn’t keep their secret well.

5) November 5^th is a formal celebration and a day off in Great Britain.

6) Letting off fireworks and making bonfires have been not allowed since 1990.

7) To visit a firework display in London one has sometimes to buy a ticket.

8) Nowadays the ceremony called State Opening of Parliament is always held on November 5th.

2. Finish the sentences:

1) November 5^th is called Guy Fawkes Night because…

2) The plot was discovered as…

3) Guy Fawkes Night became an annual celebration after…

4) November 5^th is the most “noisy” festival of the year because of…

5) Northern Ireland has a lot of Catholic communities, that’s why…

3.Choose a statement to formulate the main idea of the text:

1) November 5^th commemorates a historical event called the Gunpowder Plot and is celebrated annually in Britain with fireworks and the burning of effigies known as " guys."

2) Guy Fawkes Night or the Bonfire Night is a day of public thanksgiving in the UK which accompanies the opening of a new session of Parliament.

3) November 5^th is an annual religious holiday observed in the UK to commemorate the repression of Catholics in England in the early 17^th century.