Task 2Read the sentences. Mark the qualities you possess.

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Тот, кто работает в сфере услуг, знает — без ведения записи клиентов никуда. Мало того, что нужно видеть свое раписание, но и напоминать клиентам о визитах тоже. Проблема в том, что средняя цена по рынку за такой сервис — 800 руб/мес или почти 15 000 руб за год. И это минимальный функционал. Нашли самый бюджетный и оптимальный вариант: сервис VisitTime.
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✅ Уйма гибких настроек, которые помогут вам зарабатывать больше и забыть про чувство «что-то мне нужно было сделать».
Сомневаетесь? нажмите на текст, запустите чат-бота и убедитесь во всем сами!

Vision: a person doesn’t serve the long-term interests of the institution unless he plans, sets goals and provides strategic perception.

Judgement: success doesn’t depend on immediate decisions, one should spend a lot of time collecting information and opinions before drawing conclusions.

For reaching one’s objectives it is necessary to have effort, energy and stamina as this process is an exhausting activity physically, intellectually and emotionally.

Determination: it is an ability to bounce back from disappointment and keep on banging away at an idea.

Consistency and fairness: one’s ability to inspire others very much depends on predictable attitudes, philosophies, loyalties and decision-taking methods.

Observation implies listening, watching and remembering the personalities, attitudes and concerns of those whom you work with.

Confidence is an ability not to show emotions when one feels insecure or diffident.

Communicational skills and sociability: one should communicate his decisions clearly and unequivocally as well as to work very closely with people to help them be creative.

Ruthlessness and diplomacy: the needs of the organization must always come first and it is important to act quickly and ruthlessly when necessary resolving conflicts between the requirements of the task and the resources available.

Friendliness and directness mean to be approachable, humane and show an interest in the lives of his staff using simple, direct and appropriate language.

Self-respect and self-awareness imply an ability to look at oneself objectively and analyse where some mistakes were made.

Task 3. Write down a composition: «Personal Qualities and Professional Skills Needed in the Field of My Scientific Work».My Scientific Thesis: Initiation of The Scientific Research.

Task 4. Read the text. Find English equivalents for the following Russian words and expressions:

эта диссертация отражает, работа над диссертацией началась, под руководством, в рамках исследований по проблеме, на кафедре (экономики) (Оксфордского) Университета, рабочее название, исходя из названия, представляла интерес для изучения, слабое изучение этой проблемы в настоящее время... является достаточным основанием для изучения (является актуальным)

This Thesis reflects the final result of a four-and-a-half year’s research project. The project was initiated in September 2007 under the supervision of Prof. Alting von Gesau in the framework of the research programme within the Department of Economics of Oxford University. The research project’s point of departure was given by its first working title «Common Commercial Policy of the European Community with Regard to the Central and Eastern European Countries». Considering the title, two comments are called for.

A first comment concerns the choice of such a specific group of third countries. In this study I will deal only with the European member countries of COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - CMEA). Because of the special way in which the community was forces to develop its bilateral external (commercial) relations. Mainly due to the countries mutual non-recognition of EC (European Community) and the centrally planned economic systems of these countries, this group of neighbouring «state-trading» countries constituted an interesting case study in the field of the evolutionary Common Commercial Community Policy. The currently still very modest extent of the bilateral commercial relations between the Central and Eastern European countries and both the EC as a whole and its individual member states respectively, therefore constitutes ample evidence for the need for more appropriate commercial Community initiatives.

And secondly, the research project deals to a large extent with the competence concerned of only one of the three European Community organisations, i.e., the EEC (European Economic Community).

1. What is the title of your thesis? 2. Is it a working title? 3. When was the project initiated? 4. Who is the scientific supervisor of the thesis? (Under whose supervision is the research being done?) 5. Does your study go in the framework of some research programme? 6. Does the currently modest extent of the problem of the thesis constitute ample evidence for the need of research? Why? 7. Will theoretical investigation influence practical experience in the sphere of your specialisation?

Task 6. Read the text «Higher Education in the United States». Find English equivalents for the following Russian words and expressions: выпускники, заявления, подавать заявление, аспирантура, завоевать репутацию,

Out of more than three million students who graduate from high school each year, about one million go on for higher education. A college at a leading university might receive applications from two percent of these high school graduates, and then accept only one out of every ten who apply. Successful applicants at such colleges are usually chosen on the basis of a) their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude tests (SATs).

The system of higher education in the United States is complex. It comprises three categories of institutions: 1) the university, which may contain a) several colleges for undergraduate students seeking a bachelor’s (four-year) degree and b) one or more graduate schools for those continuing in specialized studies studies beyond the bachelor’s degree to obtain a master’s or a doctoral degree; 2) the technical training institutions at which high school graduates may take courses raging from six months to four years in duration and learn a wide variety of technical skills, from hair styling through business accounting to computer programming; 3) the two-year, or community college, from which students may enter many professions or may transfer to four-year colleges.

Any of these institutions might be either private or public, depending on the source of its funding. Some universities and colleges have, over time, gained reputations for offering particularly challenging courses and for providing their students with a higher quality of education. The factors determining whether an institution is one of the best or one of the lower prestige are quality of teaching faculty; quality of research faculties; amount of funding available for libraries, special programs, etc. (Et cetera - и так далее); and the competence and number of applicants for admission, i.e. (id est - то есть) how selective the institution can be in choosing its students. The more desirable institutions are generally more costly to attend (as the IVY League institutions, including Brown University, Columbia College, Cornell University (College of Arts and Sciences), Dartmouth College, Harvard Radcliffe, Princeton University, University of Pennsylvania, Yale University) and having graduated from one of them brings distinct advantages as the individual seeks employment opportunities.

SAT is a test in mathematics and verbal ability. It is taken in the 11-th and 12-th grade of high school two or three times. SAT is preceded by PSAT (preparatory), a test to give a student a warm-up exercise for the SAT and indicate their probable SAT scoring range. ACT - the American College Testing program is similar to SAT but scores social studies and the natural studies. The test is taken once when required by certain colleges and universities. Both tests (SAT, ACT) are wildly used in the admission process of US colleges and universities.

The ability to write well-organized, concise (сжатые, выразительные) essays is essential. The material must be presented in logical order and clear language. An essay consists of a number of paragraphs. Here are some hints on paragraph writing:

Your essay should be relevant to the set topic in both content and focus; the essay should be the result of wide reading, taking notes, sorting out information, theories and ideas, and coming to well-thought-out conclusions.

Essay paragraphs may be sorted into functional groups such as introductory, developmental, transitional, summarising.

In any paragraph there are introducers (which are sentences that establish the topic focus of the paragraph as a whole, the topic sentence in the paragraph contains a key idea); developers (which present examples or details of various kinds to support the ideas of the topic sentence); terminators or restatement sentences (which logically conclude the ideas discussed in the paragraph).

Depending upon the purpose or intent of the writer, particular paragraphs may be thought of aiming to persuade, inform, argue, or excite. Paragraphs may also be classified according to such techniques of development as comparison, contrast, description, classification, generalisation, etc.

Task 8. Write down an annotation of the article «British and American Universities»using the model and some expressions below: