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Lecture 4phonological aspect of speech sound
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| Brainstorming questions |
1 What is phonology?
2 What does phonology deal with?
3 What phonological schools do you know?
4 Can you say what is phoneme is?
5 What is an allophone?
Key words: phonology/ phoneme/phonological schools.
Questions for discussion:
9. Phonology as a science
10. Phonology schools
11. Definition of the phoneme
12. Variants of the phoneme (allophones)
| Phonology deals with the range and function of sounds in specific languages, and with the rules that determine the types of phonetic relationship that relate and contrast these linguistic units. |
| Different opinions on the nature of the phoneme |
| “Mentalist” view of the phoneme: theory. (I.A. Baudouin de Courtney) | The abstractional conception: (Ferdinand de Saussure, L. Hjelmslev) | The physical view: (D.Jones B.Bloch, T.Trager) Ferdinand de Saussure | Minimal sound units: (S. Trubetzkoy, L.Bloomfield, R. Jakobson) | Areal, independent distinctive unit: (L.V.Shcherba V.A.Vassilyev) |
| Definition of the phoneme |
| The segmental phoneme isthe smallest (i. e. further indivisible into smaller consecutive segments) language unit(sound type) that exists in the speech of all the members of a given language community as such sounds which are capable of distinguishing one word from another word of the same language or one grammatical form of a word from another grammatical form of the same word |
| 6 C/FuqWZciDApQqImw8eD3iAkWCU49Yc+zJrFfCIMWhE/a+EXyoOT+2FGLSUNYBUjdLq3HeECbOSC Ls5wUEow7G+rGcVIMHhe3trRE9LfCLUC4b21G7e3x/HxdDQd9Tv93nDa6cd53nk6m/Q7w1lyNMif 5JNJnrzz5JN+WnFKmfT8b0c/6f/daO0f4W5oD8N/ECp6iB4UBbK3/4F0aLvv9G5m5opuzo2vzk8A THsI3r9M/5zu70PU3fdj/AsAAP//AwBQSwMEFAAGAAgAAAAhAJde2SXeAAAACAEAAA8AAABkcnMv ZG93bnJldi54bWxMj8FOwzAQRO9I/IO1lbhRp9CWEOJUCIHUEyotQuLmxtskNF4H220CX8/SC5xW o3manckXg23FEX1oHCmYjBMQSKUzDVUKXjdPlymIEDUZ3TpCBV8YYFGcn+U6M66nFzyuYyU4hEKm FdQxdpmUoazR6jB2HRJ7O+etjix9JY3XPYfbVl4lyVxa3RB/qHWHDzWW+/XBKrjd9DO38vu36aT5 fP9+/Ijd8jkqdTEa7u9ARBziHwy/9bk6FNxp6w5kgmgVTK9vmOSb8gL2T3rL3Gyegixy+X9A8QMA AP//AwBQSwECLQAUAAYACAAAACEAtoM4kv4AAADhAQAAEwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAW0NvbnRl bnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbFBLAQItABQABgAIAAAAIQA4/SH/1gAAAJQBAAALAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC8B AABfcmVscy8ucmVsc1BLAQItABQABgAIAAAAIQBzaty6agIAAIcEAAAOAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC4C AABkcnMvZTJvRG9jLnhtbFBLAQItABQABgAIAAAAIQCXXtkl3gAAAAgBAAAPAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AMQEAABkcnMvZG93bnJldi54bWxQSwUGAAAAAAQABADzAAAAzwUAAAAA "> Types of phonological schools |
| Moscow | Leningrad | London | American | Prague Linguistic circle |
| Representatives of phonological schools |
| Moscow: R.A.Avanessov, A.A.Reformatsky N.F.Yakovlev, V.N.Sidorov and others | Leningrad: L.V.Scherba, L.R.Zinder, M.I.Matusevitch, O.I.Dikushina, V.A.Vassilyev, G.P.Torsuev and others | London: D.Jones | American: L.Bloomfield, E.Sapir, Ch.F.Hockett, W.F.Twadell | Prague Linguistic circle: N.S.Trubetskoy, R.Jakobson, |
Phonology is the study of the sound system of languages. At one extreme, phonology is concerned with anatomy and physiology- the organs of speech and how we learn to use them. At another extreme, phonology shades into socio-linguistic as we consider social attitudes to features of sound such as accent and intonation. And part of the subject is concerned with finding objective standard ways of recording speech, and representing this symbolically.
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