Тема № 2

SCIENCE IN BRITAIN

Learned societies¹ and independent scientific institutes play a large part in promoting the sciences in Britain, although they do very little actual research.

Most pure research is conducted in the universities, which also play an essential part in maintaining the supply of trained specialists. The learned societies play an important part in the discussion and publication of the results of research.

During the recent years there has been a considerable expansion of scientific and technological training and research within the universities. Most universities have the departments of engineering, some of them including chemical, aeronautical and production engineering². Universities in industrial centres have long been known for studies relating to their local industries. All universities and university colleges have laboratories or research departments.

The traditional method of scientific publication, in which results are written in papers and published in journals, is still the main means communication among scientists. The leading learned societies have for long been important agencies for communicating scientific information. The most eminent of the learned societies are:

The Royal Society Which was founded in 1660. Its present activities include the holding of the scientific meetings, publication of research work, mainly in the " Philosophical Transactions" and the " Proceedings", the delivery of lectures, the presentations of medals. Although an independent corporation, the Society has always had a special relationship with the government.

The Royal Society of Arts which was founded in 1754. Its principal object has been to promote the progress of all departments of science. It. deals with scientific, artistic, technical, industrial and commercial problems. The Society regularly holds meetings and publishes a monthly journal.

The British Association for the advancement of Science which was founded in 1831 to promote general interest in science and its application. One of its chief activities is the annual meetings attended by many young students as well as by eminent scientists. Its 14 sections cover the whole range of pure and applied sciences and there is a division for studying the social and international relations of science.

Notes

1. learned societies ‑ научные общества

2. production engineering ‑ организация производственного процесса

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What part do learned societies play?

2. What departments have most Universities?

3. Is pure research conducted in the Universities?

4. What is the main means of communicating among scientists?

5. What are most eminent learned societies?