Discussing and concluding

Aims or purposes

Aim – what you want to achieve when you do smth. The main aim of the research is to find new… The main aims of the project are as follows. Our ultimate aim is to cure cancer. To achieve the aim: Team work is required to achieve these aims.

Purpose – the reason why you do smth, and the thing that you want to achieve when you do it.: The main purpose of education is to help people to lead satisfying and productive lives. The information will be used for research purposes.

Objective – the thing that someone is trying to achieve, especially in business or politics: The policy has three main objectives: first, to increase food production, secondly, to improve the distribution of food, and finally, to improve the diet of ordinary people.

Goal – smth that a person or organization hopes to achieve in the future, even though this may take a long time: The company’s long-term goal is to be the market leader in this type of technology.

Target – the exact result, often a number or an amount of smth that a person or organization intends to achieve: The University is expected to reach its target of 5000 students next September.

Intention – smth that you intend to do: The reader can never be 100% sure of the writer’s original intentions.

Mission – smth that a person or organization hopes to achieve, which they consider to be very important and form the basis of their activities: Our mission is to educate people about this disease.

The point – the purpose of doing smth and the reason why it is right or necessary: The point of this experiment is to show how different metals react with oxygen.

To set / to achieve an aim, an objective; a target. To meet a target.

Causes

To make smth happen / to cause /to lead to / to result in / to create / to bring about /to give rise to / to generate / to be responsible for / to set off / to trigger smth: Plants needlight and heat to make them grow. High fat diets cause heart disease. Over-fishing has led to collapse in the numbers of tuna and cod in the Atlantic. Low levels of vitamin D can result in a softening of the bones. Science and technology often create more problems than they solve. How can we bring about a change in students’ attitudes to learning? Drinking unfiltered water can give rise to health problems. Brain storming is a useful technique to generate new ideas. These particles are responsible for making new protein molecules. The program set off a national debate about children’s school meals. Certain foods can trigger allergies.

To be caused by / to be the result of / to result from / to arise from / to stem from: Almost half of all accidents are caused by driving too fast. Greenhouse gases are the direct result of pollution from cars and factories. People are now much more aware of the dangers arising from asbestos dust. The present difficulties in the world economy stem from the recession and the collapse of the housing market.

The major / underlying / root/ fundamental cause: Polluted water is one of the major causes of some diseases.

The key / contributory / deciding factor: The research tried to identify the key factors affecting economic change.

Emphasizing

I would like to stress that / It should be noted that / It is worth bearing in mind that: I would like to stress that the research is still at an early stage. It should be noted that there are a number of alternative methods available.

Crucial / vital / essential: Factors such as temperature and acidity play a crucial role in determining how well the process works.

To emphasize / to stress / to highlight / to underline / to draw attention to / to point up/ to point out: In their report they emphasized the need for purchasing new computer equipment. The author is more concerned with highlighting the issues involved, rather than providing solutions. His research pointed up the difficulty of finding a solution. The report pointed out the need for more research on the subject.

Concluding

In conclusion: In conclusion, the results of our studysuggest that thisexperimental procedure is quite effective.

To summarize / to sum up: To summarize: there are many reasons for rejecting this theory. To sum up, this treatment can have dangerous side effects.

Smth can be summarized as follows: The organization’s main aim can be summarized as follows: to create opportunities for students to learn a wide range of computer skills.

The following conclusions may be drawn: The following conclusions may drawn from these figures: firstly, …

The main conclusion to be drawn is that: The main conclusion to be drawn from this discussion is that the best way to achieve …

In this … I have tried/ attempted to …: In this report we have attempted to demonstrate that although …

The purpose/aim of this … was to…: The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is possible to reduce the amount of salt in bread without spoiling its taste.