Вставьте пропущенные предлоги, где это необходимо. 1. High unemployment benefits are said to be responsible

1. High unemployment benefits are said to be responsible... the high un­employment rate... Europe.

2. Because... an increase... the price... one factor... production the firm starts economizing on the factor whose price has risen.

3. To private-sector expenditures... goods and services the government adds its own demand. Governments purchase goods (roads, military equipment, newly-built buildings) and services.... addition, governments distribute various subsidies... firms and households, and pay interest... the public debt.

4. The monetary units... circulation nowadays... the UK are pounds and pence.... addition... these, there were shillings and guineas... circulation up to 1971, when the decimal currency system was adopted.

5. The supply... money is the actual amount... money... circulation, notes and coins,... particular, available... business purposes.

6. Being desirable... some conditions, budget deficits can be undesir­able... others.

7. British clearing banks have accounts at the Bank of England... which they settle... debts both... the banking system and... it.

Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов.

1. The control of the parliament over the Central Bank's policies is cur­rently very weak in Russia, which is in line with the (permanent / tem­porary) tradition in most countries.

2. (Easy / tight) monetary policy can lead to a large decrease in output and jobs.

3. The way of adapting the European Union's statistical system to de­mands of the 21st century is of importance both inside and (outside / in addition) the European Union (EU).

4. To reduce the (budget deficit / monetary policy) by £ 1 billion it is neces­sary to cut government spending by £ 1 billion.

5. Affecting all banks at the same time, reserve requirement changes are believed to be a very powerful tool of (pursuing / altering) the whole of monetary policy.

6. (Hence / in addition to) being a means of exchange, money is also used to measure the value of men's labour.

7. The Federal Reserve System of the USA influences interest rates set by the banks operating both within and (except / outside) the System.

8. When adopting a certain (fiscal / monetary) policy, the Central Bank has to choose between reducing unemployment, on the one hand, and reducing inflation, on the other. (However / hence), the decision often depends on political rather than economic conditions.

9. Russian economists consider the fluctuations of the exchange rate of the rouble to depend not so much on the monetary policy of the Cen­tral Bank as on the condition at the foreign exchange markets abroad. The situation is not likely to be (altered / permanent) until investment environment in Russia becomes favourable (благоприятный).