Особенности перевода оборота «объектный падеж с причастием II» при глаголах то have и то get

Употребление глаголов to have и to get с оборотом «объектный падеж+причастие II» означает, что действие производится не подлежащим предложения, а для него или по его распоряжению (приказанию). В одних случаях такой оборот совершенно аналогичен страдательной конструкции, в других — более четко выступает каузативное значение:

Не had his head shaved so as to appear a genuine monk. Ему побрили голову, чтобы он выглядел настоящим монахом.

Он велел побрить себе голову... У него была побрита голова...

Примечание. В отличие от его употребления в группе перфектных времен глагол to have в этом обороте сохраняет самостоятельное значение времени, т. е I have it done переводится настоящим временем: «мне это делают», в то время как I have done it — прошедшим временем: «Я это сделал».

Упражнение

Найдите оборот «объектный падеж с причастием II». Переведите предложения.

1. The caliph did not like his new palace: he had the building pulled down and rebuilt.

2. I had all my things stolen in the South of France one year,

3. When I described the stone knives found in China, I had not had yet my attention drawn to the earliest typo of this instrument.

7*

При переводе глагол в форме страдательного залога выносится вперед в виде неопределенно-личного предложения. За ним следует дополнительное придаточное предложение с союзом «что» (или «как»), сказуемое которого соответствует английскому причастию, а подлежащее — английскому подлежащему.

В этом обороте причастию может предшествовать союз.

В таком случае помимо указанного перевода возможен и буквальный перевод:

The find was identified as belonging to the 4th century. Было установлено, что находка относится к IV в.

(Находка была определена как относящаяся к IVв.).

Упражнение

Найдите обороты «объектный падеж с причастием» и «именительный падеж с причастием». Переведите предложения.

1. The Chartist movement is generally recognized as occupying an important place not only in Britain but also in international history.

2. We identifyed these ruins as belonging to the Chin Dynasty.

3. The author mentioned Ngoru as having in his time been inundated, though it is now eight miles from the water.

4. It is evident that Greeks peopled untamed nature, the mountains and the forests, with various daemons which were thought of as having half-animal, half-human shape.

5. However one must not consider this distinction as holding good ²⁶ absolutely.

6. The wholesale deforestation of the country by the natives must be reckoned as having had a detrimental effect on the rain-supply.

7. However, he viewed the glottal stop as being one type of vowel onset or release.

²⁶ to hold good (true) — иметь силу, действовать, оставаться справедливым

4. Voice is that form of the verb which shows whether what is named by the subject does something or has something done to it.

5. The chief of the tribe had had a large oven dug, which was lit on the morning of the day the feast was to take place.

6. It is well known that some savages fear to have their pictures taken. The portrait is considered as a part of the individual, so that damage to the former will surely involve the latter in misfortune.

7. «I'll have this dog poisoned», he said as he fled from the room.

8. He did his best to have the entire collection transferred to the Bibliotheque du Roi in Paris, but after fruitless negotiation with the canons, the plan was dropped.

9. The gluttonous (in the pictures of hell) were having their tongues and middles burned.

10. She bought the picture and had it hung in her bedchamber in Paris.

11. The only way of overcoming this difficulty was to have the answer brought to us by a special messenger.

12. When King Alfred ²⁷ wrote and got his assistants to write his translations from Latin, he was writing a literary language which in many respects differed from the specially West-Saxon spoken language.

13. Shaftsbury had been plotting to have Monmouth acknowledged as heir to the throne.

14. After the volumes were thus refurbished, he had them encased in a special binding of wooden covers with a leather back.

15. Thou wouldest ²⁸ fancy that the whole nation are physicians, for the first question they ask me is, how I do. I have this question put me above a hundred times a day.

16. Philip ²⁹ had the Pope's bulls or letters publicly burnt and finally, in September 1303, he had the Pope seized and imprisoned.

²⁷ King Alfred — Альфред (849—901), король Англии, известный своими сочинениями и просветительской деятельностью.

²⁸ Thou wouldest — местоимение 2-го л. ед. ч., вышедшее из употребления, и согласованная с ним форма 2-го л. ед. ч. от глагола, тоже устаревшая.

²⁹ Philip -— Филипп IV Красивый (1268—1314) король Франции.