Vocabulary notes that follow the text

Tourism is a relatively new phenomenon in the world. Tourism has been one of the fastest growing industries in recent years. The growth rate of tourism has generally exceeded the growth rate for the worldwide economy. Sometimes it seems as though a new resort area springs up every day wherever there is sun and sea.

Since being away from home is a necessary component of tourism, its development as a mass industry depended on modern means of rapid and inexpensive transportation. Tourism as we know it today began with the building of the railroads in the 19^th Century. Steamships also increased tourism, especially across the North Atlantic. The automobile and airplane in still more recent times have also become major modes of transportation for recreative purposes.

The greatest growth in international tourism has taken place only since the end of World War II in 1945, and it has paralleled the growth of air transportation.

Industrialization has produced the other conditions that are necessary for tourism. Among them is the creation of a large number of people with an amount of disposable income - income above and beyond what is needed for basic expenses such as food, shelter, clothing and taxes.

Another important condition is urbanization, the growth of large cities. Residents of big population centers take more holiday trips than residents of rural areas. Anyone who has been to Rome in July can not help but observe that a great many of the inhabitants are away on vacation.

Before industrialization, there was a sharp distinction between the leisure class and the working class. Nowadays the concept of leisure in the form of long weekends and paid vacations has spread to the working class. This may be the most important factor in modern tourism. Millions of factory workers in northern European countries take their paid vacations in sunny southern European countries. In many cases government, unions, or employers subsidize the cost of the holiday partly or wholly. This subsidized recreational travel is called social tourism.

The importance of the industrialization can be seen from the fact that approximately 75% of international tourists come from industrialized countries. The United States of America and Federal Republic of Germany account for about half of this tourist ti

Sun-and-sea areas that are near the major markets for tourists derive a large part of their income from tourism. It should be noted that tourism benefits not only airlines, hotels, restaurants, and taxi drivers, but also many commercial establishments and even the manufacturers of such varied items as sunglasses, video cameras, and swimming clothing.

One of the principal reasons for encouraging a tourist industry in many developing countries is the so-called multiplier effect of the tourist dollar. Money paid for wages or in other ways is spent not once but sometimes several times for other items in the economy - the food that hotel employees eat at home or the houses in which they live, or the durable goods that they buy. In some countries the multiplier can be a factor as high as 3, but it is often a lower number because of leakage. Leakage comes from the money that goes out of the economy either in the form of imports that are necessary to sustain the tourist industry or in profits that are drained off by investors.

Another attraction of the tourist industry for the developing countries is that it is labor-intensive; that is, it requires a large number of workers in proportion to the people who are served.