Nutrition-related diseases, their causes and prevention

The motivational statement of the theme:

A balanced diet fosters normal growth and development, helps to maintain a high efficiency and productivity, increases life expectancy and promotes resistance to various unfavorable somatic factors.

The doctor must be familiar with the problems associated with the effect of diet on the health of individuals and the population as a whole. Most nutrition-related diseases are manageable. Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention of many chronic and noninfectious diseases in a population.
Implementation of the principles of a balanced diet requires both the support of the state and that of every individual. All must strive to lead a healthy lifestyle and learn the practical skills of healthy nutrition. The doctor plays a crucial role in the dissemination of these skills and knowledge.

The objective: To learn the principles of rational nutrition, to learn the ways of preventing nutrition-related diseases, to learn how to calculate certain physiological energy and nutritional requirements of the body by (a). Determining and tabulating human energy expenditure using the time-keeping method and (b). Learning the recommended standards for physiological energy and nutritional requirements.

Students’ independent classroom activities

1. Solving case problems and writing down the solutions.

2. Determining and tabulating human energy expenditure using time-keeping data according to the following algorithm:

- Noting the duration of the various activities carried out for a period of 24 hrs;

- Drawing a chronogram of the day;

- Calculating the energy consumption for particular activities;

- Calculating the total energy consumption for all activities carried out within 24 hrs;

- Calculating unaccounted-for energy (5% of total energy consumption);

- Calculating energy consumption due to specific dynamic action of food (10-15% of the basal metabolic rate);

- Calculating daily energy expenditure (needs).

3. Determination of the physiological energy and nutritional requirements of a student using the " Standard physiological requirements for energy and nutrients for different groups in the Russian Federation." (Guidelines. 2.3.1.2432-08 MR).

4. Presentation of students ‘reports.

Self-study task:

1. Rational nutrition: Definition, The principles of rational nutrition.

2. Principles of standardization of nutritional needs of various population groups.

3. Standard physiological requirements for energy and nutrients.

4. Classification of nutrition-related diseases.

5. Prevention of nutrition-related noninfectious diseases.

Plan of students’ independent activities

“___” ______________ 20___

1. Case problem №_____ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Calculate the daily energy expenditures of a student carrying out various activities.

Table 1

Time study & energy losses (kcal)

Body mass_________kgs

Total energy expenditure for 24 hrs_________kcal

Unaccounted-for energy (5% of total energy consumption)_____kcal

Basal metabolic rate _________kcal

Energy loses due to specific dynamic action of food (10-15% of the basal metabolic rate)_______kcal

24-hr energy requirements _______kcal

3. Determination of the physiological energy and nutritional requirements of a student using the " Norms of physiological requirements for energy and nutrients for different groups in the Russian Federation."

Table 2