Vocabulary. the Hermitage Palace –Эрмитаж

the Neva – Нева

the Hermitage Palace – Эрмитаж

the Winter Palace – Зимний дворец

Petrograd – Петроград

the Russian Museum – Русский музей

St Isaac's Cathedral – Исаакиевский собор

the Peter-and-Paul Fortress – Петропавловская крепость

the Admiralty – Адмиралтейство

swampy – болотистый

mouth – устье (реки)

to drop dead – упасть замертво

by the hundreds – сотнями

ruler – правитель

empire – империя

rapidly – быстро

to lay out – планировать

harmonious – гармоничный

granite – гранит

equal – равный, не уступающий

to rename – переименовывать

to suffer – страдать

to lay siege to – осадить

starvation – голод

shelling – бомбежки

air raid – воздушный налет

to destroy – разрушать

to catch smb's eye – привлечь внимание, поразить

to attract – привлекать, притягивать

arm – рукав (реки)

canal – канал

artistically – мастерски

to decorate – украшать

bridge – мост

St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as the " Window on the West". Thousands of workmen were brought from all parts of Russia to build a new city on the swampy land at the mouth of the Neva River. Peter the Great was in a hurry. The work was fast and hard, and workmen dropped dead by the hundreds. But the work went on.

In 1917 St Petersburg, a city of great beauty, with palaces, cathedrals, churches, government buildings became the capital. Under later rulers the new capital of the Russian Empire grew rapidly in wealth and beauty. Architects were brought from western Europe to lay out the city in harmonious squares. Buildings were constructed of grey and rose-coloured granite. The Hermitage Palace and the Winter Palace, the homes of the tsars, were equal to any in Europe.

When the First World War began in 1914, the German-sounding name, St Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd. After the October Revolution the city was renamed after Lenin.

During the Great Patriotic War the city suffered a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for the next year and a half it was cut off from the rest of the country. No food could be brought in, and people died of starvation. Daily shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city. Thousands of people were killed. Rebuilding took years.

Now St Petersburg is an important industrial, cultural and educational centre. The population of the city is over 5 million.

St Petersburg is indeed a wonderful city: at every turn there's something to catch your eye. The Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, St Isaac's Cathedral, the Peter-and-Paul Fortress, the Admiralty building attract thousands of tourists from every corner of the world.

Petersburg's many museums house some of the world's most famous art collections. The Hermitage, for example, contains the richest collection of pictures in the world.

The city is called the Northern Venice because there are 65 rivers, arms and canals there with artistically decorated bridges. It's also famous for its beautiful white nights.

Answer the following questions:

1. Have you ever been to St Petersburg? 2. Is St Petersburg as old as Moscow? 3. Who was the city founded by and when did it become the capital of the Russian Empire? 4. Peter I thought that Moscow looked provincial in comparison with the capitals he had visited and decided to build a magnificent city equal to any European capital. Did he succeed? 5. How many times has the city been renamed and why? 6. Did the city suffer a great deal during the Great Patriotic War? 7. What is St Petersburg famous for? 8. Have you ever been to the Russian Museum? (the Hermitage?) 9. What other places of interest in St Petersburg do you know? 10. Why is St Petersburg called the Northern Venice?