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Дополнительный материал. 1. Хронология правлений киевских князей периода Киевской Руси






1. Хронология правлений киевских князей периода Киевской Руси

Олег [882–912]

Игорь [912–945]

Ольга [945–969 ]

Святослав [969–972 ]

Ярополк [972–980]

Владимир I [980–1015]

Святополк Окаянный [1015–1019]

Ярослав Мудрый [1019–1054]

Изяслав I [1054–1073, *1076–1078]

Святослав [1073–1076]

Всеволод I [1078–1093]

Святополк [1093–1113]

Владимир II Мономах [1113–1125]

Мстислав Великий [1125–1132]

2. Великий князь Владимир. Vladimir I in full Vladimir Svyatoslavich, byname Saint Vladimir, or Vladimir The Great, Russian Svyatoy Vladimir, or Vladimir Veliky born c. 956,, Kiev, Kievan Rus [now in Ukraine]died July 15, 1015, Berestova, near Kiev; feast day July 15 grand prince of Kiev and first Christian ruler in Kievan Rus, whose military conquests consolidated the provinces of Kiev and Novgorod into a single state, and whose Byzantine baptism determined the course of Christianity in the region. Vladimir was the son of the Norman-Rus prince Svyatoslav of Kiev by one of his courtesans and was a member of the Rurik lineage dominant from the 10th to the 13th century. He was made prince of Novgorod in 970. On the death of his father in 972, he was forced to flee to Scandinavia, where he enlisted help from an uncle and overcame Yaropolk, another son of Svyatoslav, who attempted to seize the duchy of Novgorod as well as Kiev. By 980 Vladimir had consolidated the Kievan realm from Ukraine to the Baltic Sea and had solidified the frontiers against incursions of Bulgarian, Baltic, and Eastern nomads. Although Christianity in Kiev existed before Vladimir 's time, he had remained a pagan, accumulated about seven wives, established temples, and, it is said, taken part in idolatrous rites involving human sacrifice. With insurrections troubling Byzantium, the emperor Basil II (976–1025) sought military aid from Vladimir, who agreed, in exchange for Basil's sister Anne in marriage. A pact was reached about 987, when Vladimir also consented to the condition that he become a Christian. Having undergone baptism, assuming the Christian patronal name Basil, he stormed the Byzantine area of Chersonesus (Korsun, now part of Sevastopol) to eliminate Constantinople's final reluctance. Vladimir then ordered the Christian conversion of Kiev and Novgorod, where idols were cast into the Dnieper River after local resistance had been suppressed. The new Rus Christian worship adopted the Byzantine rite in the Old Church Slavonic language. The story (deriving from the 11th-century monk Jacob) that Vladimir chose the Byzantine rite over the liturgies of German Christendom, Judaism, and Islā m because of its transcendent beauty is apparently mythically symbolic of his determination to remain independent of external political control, particularly of the Germans. The Byzantines, however, maintained ecclesiastical control over the new Rus church, appointing a Greek metropolitan, or archbishop, for Kiev, who functioned both as legate of the patriarch of Constantinople and of the emperor. The Rus-Byzantine religio-political integration checked the influence of the Roman Latin church in the Slavic East and determined the course of Russian Christianity, although Kiev exchanged legates with the papacy. Among the churches erected by Vladimir was the Desyatinnaya in Kiev (designed by Byzantine architects and dedicated about 996) that became the symbol of the Rus conversion. The Christian Vladimir also expanded education, judicial institutions, and aid to the poor. Another marriage, following the death of Anne (1011), affiliated Vladimir with the Holy Roman emperors of the German Ottonian dynasty and produced a daughter, who became the consort of Casimir I the Restorer of Poland (1016–58). Vladimir 's memory was kept alive by innumerable folk ballads and legends.

Вопросы и задания.

1. Найти определения следующим понятиям и эквиваленты на английском языке:

· Племя

 

 

· Государство

 

 

· Славяне

 

 

· Князь

 

 

· Вече

 

 

· Дружина

 

 

· Дань

 

 

· Крещение

 

 

· Община

 

2. Изобразить схематично места расселения восточнославянских племен. Покажите «Путь из варяг в греки».

 

 

3. Соотнесите даты и события:

А) 882 а) Принятие Русью христианства

Б) 988 б)Конец княжение Ярослава Мудрого

В) 912 в)Основание Смоленска

Г) 4-8вв г) Время расселения славянских племен

Д) 863 г д)Призвание Рюрика на княжение в Новгород

Е) 862 е) Принятие «Русской правды»

Ж)1054 ж) Принятие «Русской правды»

З)1016 з)Олег объединил Новгород и Киев

 

4. Ответьте на вопросы:

- При каком Великом князе прошло крещение Руси?

 

- Почему Древнерусское государство называлось «Киевская Русь»?

 

- В чем смысл «Норманнской теории»?

 

- Перечислите, используя историческую карту, основных соседей Киевской Руси? С какими народами и государствами киевские князья вели войны?

 

- Почему Владимир решил изменить религию славян? Почему выбор пал на христианство?

 

Рекомендуемая литература:

Зуев М.Н., Чернобаев А.А. История России. М., 2004

Мунчаев Ш.М., Устинов В.М. История России. Учебник для вузов. М., 2000

Исаев И.А. История государства и права России. М., 1994

Ключевский В.О. О русской истории. М., 1993

Карамзин Н.М. Предания веков. М., 1988

 






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