Dental instruments. While examining and treating a patient the dentist needs a set of instruments for fillings

While examining and treating a patient the dentist needs a set of instruments for fillings. For each patient the instruments required are:

1. Mirror, probe, tweezers, napkins

2. Aspirator, saliva ejector, cotton wool rolls and cotton wool for keeping the cavity dry.

3. Enamel chisels for removing undermined enamel and smoothing the cavity margins.

4. Excavators for removing caries.

5. Handpiece and burs for drilling away hard tissue.

6. Special instruments and drugs. Some fillings require the use of certain instruments or drugs that are not used for other fillings.

Rubber dam is essential to prevent ingress of bacteria from mouth into the root canal.

Barbed broach is used to remove dead pulp.

The root canal is enlarged with root reamers.

A drug to sterilize the root canal is applied on a paper point.

Cavities are cut with burs fitted in a handpiece. Speed of cutting depends on the type of handpiece used. Conventional handpieces run at slow speed, air turbine handpieces run at very high speeds. The advantages of air turbine handpieces are the ease and speed of cutting, disadvantages are the difficulties caused by water spray and loud noise.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 5. Translate the following word combinations into English and make up your own sentence with each of them:

розширювати римером, встановлювати бор у наконечник, видалити мертву пульпу, стерилізувати кореневий канал, не придатний для інших пломб, запобігати проникненню бактерій.

Exercise 6. Answer the following question and make up 5 special questions of your own:

1. When does a dentist need a set of instruments?

2. What kinds of instrument have you remembered from the text?

3. What is rubber dam used for?

4. What is dead pulp removed with?

5. What is used to keep a cavity dry during the examination?

Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to Modal Verbs:

1. Щоб оглянути хворого, стоматологу необхідний набір спеціальних инструментів.

2. При видаленні пульпи лікар може зробити хворому знеболювальний укол.

3. Екскаватор застосовується для видалення карієсу.

4. Лікар повинен використати бор та наконечник для свердління твердих тканин.

5. Для розширення кореневого каналу слід використовувати ример.

Exercise 8. Translate the modal verbs given in the gaps:

1. If you are suffering from gastric pains you (повинен) consult a doctor immediately.

2. This method of treatment (не можна) be used in all diseases.

3. If you have broken a leg, you (муситимеш) be kept in bed or use crutches (костилі).

4. People (слід) wash their hands before meals.

5. This bad tooth (слід) be treated as soon as possible not to lose it.

6. The doctor (потрібні) your blood and urine analyses to make a right diagnosis.

7. To relieve pain you (муситимеш) take these pills.

8. What serious complications (може) grippe cause?

9. What (потрібно) be done to eliminate the threat of recurrence of the disease?

10. Microorganisms (можуть) penetrate in your oral cavity and lead to various diseases.

Exercise 9. Give the appropriate answers to the dentist’s questions. Translate the dialogues:

1. What do you complain of? It’s a big tooth at the back on the left.

2. Which tooth troubles you? I have a bad toothache.

3. Why didn’t you come earlier? The ache appeared last week.

4. When did the ache appear? I feel this ache from cold.

5. Do you feel this ache from cold or hot? It’s not a pleasure to go to a dentist’s.

6. Does this tooth hurt? I’m afraid it aches a little.

1. Добрий день, сідайте, будь ласка. Що Вас непокоїть?

В мене дуже болить зуб.

Відкрийте рота, будь ласка. Який зуб Вас непокоїть?

Знизу праворуч. Отут болить.

Так, зуб зруйнований. Ми сьогодні ж почнем його лікувати.

2. Відкрийте рота ширше, будь ласка. Отут боляче?

Так, дуже.

Коли з’явився біль?

Два дні тому.

Чому ж Ви не прийшли раніше?

Кожного разу, коли я збирався, мені ставало краще.

Exercise 10. Fill the gaps with the necessary prepositions:

1. When will you be … work?

2. The doctor wasn’t going to discharge this patient … the hospital.

3. You must go … a dentist.

4. The patient ill … tuberculoses had a severe attack … cough.

5. The patient survived the operation … appendicitis well.

6. … examination the doctor listened … the lungs of the patient.

7. The patient was given pain-killer … pain in his operated arm.

8. The man complained … weakness and loss of appetite.

9. My mother works … the therapeutical department.

10. The X-ray examination revealed rupture … the spleen.

TEST

1. While examining and treating a patient the dentist needs … for fillings.

a) some tools

b) a set of instruments

c) a number of tools

d) several instruments

e) one instrument

2. Some fillings require the use of certain instruments or drugs that … for other fillings.

a) may not be used

b) not use

c) are not used

d) will not be used

e) don’t use

3. Rubber dam is essential to prevent ingress of bacteria from mouth into the ….

a) root canal

b) pulp

c) crown

d) enamel

e) dentine

4. … is used to remove dead pulp.

a) mirror

b) handpiece

c) bur

d) reamer

e) barbed broach

5. The root canal is … with root reamers.

a) enlarged

b) drilled

c) cut

d) removed

e) filled

6. The instrument for absorbing saliva is called …

a) saliva absorber

b) saliva suction

c) suction unit

d) saliva ejector

e) saliva remover

7. A drug to sterilize the root canal … on a paper point.

a) is applied

b) applies

c) are applied

d) be applied

e) was applied

8. Speed of cutting depends … the type of handpiece used.

a) of

b) from

c) with

d) on

e) after

9. Conventional … run at slow speed, air turbine handpieces run at very high speeds.

a) burs

b) barbed broaches

c) mirrors

d) reamers

e) burs

10. Rubber dam is essential to prevent ingress of bacteria … mouth … the root canal.

a) from … into

b) out of … to

c) in … to

d) from … in

e) of … in