Степени сравнения прилагательных

Односложные и двусложные* прилагательные

положительная: сравнительная: превосходная:

adj adj + er (the) adj + est

small smaller (the) smallest

маленький меньше самый маленький (наименьший)

large larger (the) largest

big bigger (the) biggest

happy happier (the) happiest

new newer (the) newest

simple simpler (the) simplest

slow slower (the) slowest

*двусложные прилагательные с ударением на втором слоге и на -er, -ow, -y, -le

Остальные прилагательные (многосложные прилагательные)

положительная: сравнительная: превосходная:

adj more +adj (the) most +adj

interesting more interesting (the) most interesting

интересный интереснее (более интересный) самый интересный

tired more tired (the) most tired

Искл.:

good – better – the best old – elder – the eldest (о старшинстве)

little – less – the least old – older – the oldest (о возрасте)

many (much) – more – the most far – farther – the farthest (о расстоянии)

bad – worse – the worst far – further – the furthest (о порядке следования)

Сравнительные конструкции

1. than – чем (для сравнения): Pete is taller than Mike.

2. as... as – так же... как: Pete is as tall as Mike.

3. not so... as – не такой... как: Pete is not so tall as Mike.

Оборот there is / there are (there be)

(где-то что-то или кто-то) имеется, находится, существует, есть

На русский язык переводятся с конца, т. е. начиная с обстоятельства места (или времени), слово there не переводится.

(+) There is + a/an/some + сущ. + обст.

There is a pen on the table. There is an apple on the plate. There is (some) tea in the cup.

(+) There are + (some/many/few/five) + сущ. (во мн. ч.) + обст.

There are some / a lot of / many (few, five) apples on the plate.

!!! Глагол to be согласуется с первым из перечисляемых существительных:

There is a book, a magazine and two newspapers on the table.

There are two newspapers, a book and a magazine on the table.

(–) There is no / not (any/a/an) + сущ. + обст.

There is no tea (not any tea) in the cup. There is no pen (not a pen) on the table.

(–) There are no / not (any) + сущ. (во мн. ч.) + обст.

There are no apples (not any apples) on the plate.

!!! There is not much tea in the cup. There are not many apples on the plate.

(?) Is there + (any/a/an/much)+ сущ. + обст? – Yes, there is./No, there is not.

Is there (any) tea in the cup? Is there a pen on the table? Is there an apple on the plate?

(?) Are there + (any/many) + сущ. (во мн. ч.) + обст? – Yes, there are./No, there are not.

Are there (any) apples on the plate? Are there many (five) apples on the plate?

Special questions

What is there on the table? – Что (есть, лежит, находится) на столе?

Who is there in that room? – Кто (находится) в той комнате?

How many maps are there on the wall? – Сколько карт на стене?

How much water is there in the cup? – Сколько воды в чашке?

Whose book is there on the table? – Чья книга (лежит) на столе?

в прошедшем времени (There was / There were): There was notmuch snow last winter. There were many apple trees in this garden some years ago.

в будущем времени (There will be): There will be a meeting tomorrow.

TIME

(clock, watch, alarm-clock)

What time is it (now)? = What is the time (by your watch; by this clock)? – Который час?

8: 00 It is 8 o’clock (sharp). 6: 00 – 12: 00

to past 8: 05 It is (= It’s) 5 minutes past 8. morning

7: 55 It’s 5 minutes to 8. 12: 00 – 18: 00

8: 15 It’s a quarter (= 15 minutes) past 8. afternoon

7: 45 It’s a quarter (= 15 minutes) to 8. 18: 00 – 24: 00

p.m. - после полудня 8: 30 It is half (= 30 minutes) past 8. evening

a.m. - до полудня 12: 00 It’s noon. 24: 00 – 6: 00

24: 00 It’s midnight. night

At – для указания точного времени (часов, минут):

When do you usually get up? = What time do you get up at?

– I usually get up at 6 o’clock / at half past 6 / at 25 minutes past 6 / at 20 minutes to 7.

At what time is John at home? – At a quarter past 5.

Is your watch correct? – My watch is (5 minutes) fast. Мои часы спешат (на пять минут).

– My watch is (5 minutes) slow. Мои часы отстают (на пять минут).

– My watch is right/correct. Мои часы идут хорошо (правильно).

It takes …

It takes me /her /him /us /you /them /my friend … to …

Мне /Ей /Ему /Нам /Тебе, Вам /Им /Моему другу требуется …, чтобы …; Что-то … занимает …

an hour / half an hour / an hour and a half / some days / much time / 2 days / a quarter of an hour / 3 hours

(+) It takes me 20 minutes to prepare dinner.

Мне требуется 20 минут, чтобы приготовить обед. = Приготовление обеда занимает у меня 20 минут.

(–) It does not take me long to prepare dinner.

It doesn’t take me much time to prepare dinner.

(?) Does it take you long to prepare dinner? – Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t.

Does it take you much time to prepare dinner?

(spec?) How long does it take you to prepare dinner? Сколько времени тебе требуется,

How much time does it take you to prepare dinner? чтобы приготовить обед?