Unit 3. What is land cadastre.

Vocabulary.

record-запись

responsibility-обязанность

link-связывать

valuation-оценка

conveyancing-составление нотариальных актов о передаче имущества

enable-давать возможность

encompass-охватывать

duration-продолжительность

leasehold-аренда

easement-удобства

mortgage-ипотека

survey-съемка

utilize-коммунальные услуги

equitable-равный

A Cadastre is normally a parcel based and up-to-date land information system. It contains a record of interests in land (rights, restrictions and responsibilities). It usually includes a description of land parcels linked to other records describing the nature of the interests, and ownership or control of those interests. The Cadastre often describes the value of the parcel and its improvements. It may be established for fiscal purposes, (e.g. valuation and equitable taxation) legal purposes (conveyancing), to assist in the management of land and land use for planning and other administrative purposes. The Cadastre enables sustainable development and environment protection. Cadastral reform is concerned with the improvement of cadastral systems.

The Land Cadastre encompasses such information as land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and different land uses. The Cadastre provides:

- information identifying those people who have interests in parcels of land;

- information about those interests, e.g. land duration of rights, restrictions and responsibilities;

-information about the parcel, e.g. location, size, improvement, value.

Land tenure is concerned with the rights, restrictions and responsibilities that people have with respect to the land. The Cadastre may record different forms of land tenure such as ownership, leasehold, easements, mortgages and different types of common, communal or customary land tenure.

The Surveyor undertakes different roles in different countries in relation to the establishment and maintenance of the Cadastre. The Surveyor may be responsible for:

- cadastral surveying and mapping;

- cadastral information recording;

- land valuation;

- land use planning;

- management of both the graphic and textual cadastral data bases;

- resolving land disputes;

- custody and supply of cadastral information.

Modern technology, such as up-to-date survey instruments, satellite position fixing (Global Positioning System – GPS), aerial photography and photogrammetric can offer new possibilities to increase the speed and lower the costs for cadastral reform. Computer technology can usually provide better access to information, better manipulation of cadastral data, better quality, and better legal and physical security. To fully utilize modern technology it is important to have trained personnel and facilities to maintain the equipment. Unfortunately this infrastructure is not founded in many countries, thereby limiting the use of modern technology.

Exercises: