Unit 1. Bridges Classification.

English in Business Management.

Unit 1. Advertising. 47

Unit 2. Office characters. 53

Unit 3. Hard to reach. 59

Unit 4. Success. Passion into profit. 66

Unit 5. Image. 72

Unit 6. Etiquette. 80

Unit 7. Data. No privacy. 87

English in Civil Construction.

Unit 1. Construction documents. 92

Unit 2. Health and safety. 98

Unit 3. Civil construction. 104

Unit 4. The building team. 111

Unit 5. Construction materials. 117

Unit 6. Building stones. 124

Unit 7. Concrete. 129

Unit 8. Strip foundations. 133

English in Computer-aided Design.

Unit 1. The digital age. 137

Unit 2. Computers for the disabled. 142

Unit 3. What is a computer?. 148

Unit 4. What is inside a PC system?. 154

Unit 5. Computer languages. 160

English in Highway Engineering.

Unit 1. Problematic passion of having a car. 166

Unit 2. How traffic problems can be solved. 172

Unit 3. Hurricane landfall site protection. 178

Unit 4. Right-of-Way. 184

Unit 5. Road surface. 190

English in Land Cadaster.

Unit 1. Land use planning. 197

Unit 2. The types of land use planning. 203

Unit 3. What is land cadastre. 208

Unit 4. Role of the government in land cadastre. 214

Unit 5. Problem of automating land records. 220

English in Quality Management.

Unit 1. Occupation or profession?. 227

Unit 2. Getting the right staff. 232

Unit 3. Forecasting. 236

Unit 4.Optical instruments. 241

Unit 5. Reinforced -concrete productiоn. 246

English in Railway Construction.

Unit 1. Eurostar tops 10 million passengers. 251

Unit 2. Houston opens second light rail line. 257

Unit 3.Railway stations. 263

Unit 4. Railway track construction. 269

Unit 5. Double-deck train concept 276

English in Railway Maintenance.

Unit 1. Earth track solutions – rails sleeper replacement, track maintenance and construction. 283

Unit 2. Network Rail company. 291

Unit 3. Network Rail company. 297

Unit 4. Sperry Rail - rail flaw detection systems. 303

Unit 5. Sperry Rail - rail flaw detection systems. 310

English in Tunnel Engineering.

Unit 1. Tunnels. 318

Unit 2. History of tunneling. 325

Unit 3. The Channel Tunnel. 333

Unit 4. Tunnel jobs. 343

Unit 5. Tunnel construction techniques. 354

Unit 6. Design and construction methods. 363

English in Bridge Engineering.

Unit 1. Bridges Classification.

Vocabulary.

mention - упоминать

in a wide sense - в широком смысле

provide a crossing over - обеспечить возможность пересечения

be classified - классифицироваться

function - функция

reinforced concrete - железобетон

сable-stayed - вантовый

include - включать

flexible - гнущийся

rigid - негнущийся

service life - срок службы

It has already been mentioned that bridges in a wide sense of this term mean constructional works comprising a superstruc­ture and a substructure. In a narrow sense this term means a structure built to provide a crossing over a river.

In technical literature bridges are classified according to their indications as follows: