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Текст до білету № ____. The modern airport is a centre of most diversified services






ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ЕКЗАМЕН

З дисципліни АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА

Текст до білету № ____

AIRPORT DESIGN

The modern airport is a centre of most diversified services. Among the airport services are: flight assistance service, air traffic control – airport traffic control, air route traffic control, radio communication and weather service observation forecasting.

The airport has to maintain a number of supplementary services – rescue and security services. There must be an airport clinic, a fire brigade, special vehicles and equipment units (water trucks, catering trucks, air freight and baggage handling units, tow tractors for moving aircraft to the apron).

Other services cover maintenance, overhaul and repair of stationary and mobile equipment, the supply of electricity, water, heat and air conditioning. There is the Aircraft Maintenance Base with many maintenance specialists. There’s the fuel supply centre with underground pipelines.

The facilities include runways, air navigation aids, passenger or cargo terminal buildings. The airport offers a hotel, a post office, bank offices, restaurants, snack bars and waiting lounges.

In the terminal there’s the computer information system to provide passengers with necessary flight information.

Any terminal building also provides space for the facilities for the convenience of passengers. First of all it is a central hall where passengers may rest while waiting for their flights. There may be situated various gift shops and news-stands, a post-office department, public telephones, a first aid room, chemist’s, hairdresser’s, luggage department and currency exchange.

Any international airport has two halls: arrival and departure, customs inspection, passport and health control.

 


МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

КІРОВОГРАДСЬКА ЛЬОТНА АКАДЕМІЯ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО АВІАЦІЙНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ

ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ЕКЗАМЕН

З дисципліни АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА

Текст до білету № ____

FLIGHT

Four forces act on an aircraft in flight: lift, weight, thrust and drag. An aircraft is supported by lift and moved forward by thrust. Lift opposes weight while drag resists thrust. In level and stable flight all four forces are equal.

In flight, lift depends on the relationship between air density, the angle of attack, airspeed, the shape of the airfoil and its area. Drag depends on similar factors. But the relationship breaks down when:

· Airspeed becomes too slow and the aircraft begins to stall.

· Airspeed gets too fast when compressibility causes shock wave formation.

An aeroplane rotates about three axes: pitch, roll and yaw. Rates of rotation are commanded by the control surfaces. Pitch is adjusted by movement of the elevators on the tail plane. Roll is controlled by the ailerons on the wings assisted by spoilers. Yaw is used to balance the aircraft directionally and can be input via the rudder. The stabilizer balances the aircraft in pitch. Speed brakes are used to slow the aircraft or allow it to lose height rapidly. Flaps assist an aeroplane to fly slowly without stalling.

The pilot moves the control surface by means of the control column. In simple aircraft the control column is physically connected to the control surfaces by cable. In larger and more complex aircraft hydraulic power is used to move the control surfaces as the pilot is not strong enough. Here the cables are connected to hydraulic actuators. In some new aircraft the movement of the control column by the pilot generates a computer signal which is used to position the hydraulic actuators. This is known as fly by wire and results in weight savings by removing the cables and their support structure.

 


МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

КІРОВОГРАДСЬКА ЛЬОТНА АКАДЕМІЯ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО АВІАЦІЙНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ






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