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Ex.14. Match two sentences to make mini dialogues. Work in pairs. Pay attention to the modal verbs and their equivalents.
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| 1) The car in front of him stopped so suddenly that he was not able to brake and smashed into it. | a) The plane was to take off at 5 a.m. and in this hurry-scurry she left the ticket on the table. |
| 2) I am to return my library books today but I have no spare time at all. | b) You should ring her up and apologize. |
| 3) I haven’t paid my monthly rent yet. Friday is the last day I can do it, but I am to leave for Moscow today. Can you help me? | c) He can speak English rather fluently, but that time he was so embarrassed that he was not able to say a word. |
| 4) I am afraid, I was rude to Kate yesterday. | d) You should record the film. Have you got a VCR? |
| 5) I have got an urgent work and my computer doesn’t work. | e) I’m sorry but I was not able to start my car and had to go by tram. |
| 6) I have to prepare for a test but there is a film on TV I’ve wanted to see so much. | f) You should phone Nick. He has got clever fingers. I am sure he will be able to help. |
| 7) Why are you so late? You should be more punctual. | g) You are to return the books today or you will have to pay a fine. |
| 8) Can he speak English? He was dumb as a fish the whole evening. | h) You needn’t worry. I shall be able to go to the bank tomorrow and pay it. |
| 9) Why did she have to come back home? | i) I can’t believe it! He is such a careful driver. |
Ex.15. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English paying attention to the modal verbs and such expressions as:
It should (must, can) be saidthat …– Следует (необходимо, можно) сказать, что…
It should (must, can) be mentioned that …– Следует (необходимо, можно) упомянуть, что…
It should (must, can) be noted that …– Следует (необходимо, можно) отметить, что…
It should (must, can) be stressed that …– Следует (необходимо, можно) подчеркнуть, что…
1) Ей разрешили воспользоваться мобильным телефоном. 2) Вам придётся поторопиться, если вы хотите успеть на поезд. 3) Ему приходится ездить в командировки [to travel on business] каждый месяц. 4) Когда должен был прибыть поезд? 5) Он не смог завести [to start] машину. 6) Тебе следует быть более внимательным. 7) Он сможет быстро отремонтировать [to repair] компьютер. 8) Нам пришлось взять такси. 9) Он не смог принять участие в конференции. 10) Роберт должен уехать в Лондон сегодня вечером. 11) Ты сможешь проводить меня? 12) Необходимо сказать, что если ты хочешь говорить по-английски, тебе придется много [hard] работать. 13) Следует отметить, что любой инженер может дать тебе информацию по этому вопросу. 14) Я надеюсь, они смогли купить билет на последний поезд. 15) Ты можешь идти, я закончу работу сам. 16) Мы должны были встретиться на станции в 6 часов вечера. 17) Следует подчеркнуть, что она была вынуждена рассказать все полицейскому инспектору. 18) Следует отметить, что объявления на доске должны быть написаны заглавными буквами [in capital letters]. 19) Следует отметить, что людям в больших городах приходится тратить много денег на оплату проезда в общественном транспорте. 20) Вы не должны прекращать работу, пока [till] вы её не закончите.
Ex.16. TEST. Choose the right variant.
1) Passengers _____ come to the airport an hour before the take-off time.
a) are allowed to b) must c) will not able to d) needn’t
2) We usually go to the south by plane but tomorrow we _____ travel three by train as we didn’t make a reservation for the flight.
a) shall be allowed to b) needn’t c) shall have to d) should
3) You _____ phone me again, I never forget my promise.
a) need not b) must not c) can not d) are not allowed
4) I _____ take a bus because Martin gave me a lift.
a) did not have to b) am not able to c) was allowed to d) was to
5) When the new road is built, I _____ drive to work in under half an hour. Now I _____ spend much more time.
a) are able to b) shall be able to c) shall be allowed to d) could
a) have to b) should c) needn’t d) am allowed to
6) The pilot _____ land the plane on only one engine.
a) needn’t b) was able to c) should d) were allowed to
7) Airline passengers _____ use mobile telephones during the flight.
a) are able to b) are not allowed to c) were to d) needn’t
8) Stay here till she is free. I think you _____ wait long.
a) need not b) will not have to c) are not allowed to d) shouldn’t
9) According to the rules a football player _____ touch the ball with his hands.
a) is able to b) has to c) must not d) will be allowed to
10) Luckily I _____ find a taxi.
a) have to b) could c) was to d) shall not be allowed
11) You _____ shout, I am not deaf.
a) need not b) will not be able to c) are not allowed to d) can
12) The speed in cities _____ exceed 60 km per hour.
a) shouldn’t b) is to c) need not d) will be allowed to
13) It is a non-smoking carriage. You _____ smoke here.
a) must not b) should c) need not d) are allowed to
14) You _____ carry your driving license with you.
a) should b) are not allowed to c) will not be able to d) was to
15) You _____ answer the question if you don’t want to.
a) have to b) need not c) may d) will be able to
* The results of the test: If your score is 15-16 correct answers, you are doing just great; 11-14 stand for good knowledge; 7-10 mean you have some problems; if the number of your correct answers is less than 7, go and learn the rules.
Ex.17. Present Indefinite Active or Present Continuous Active? Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense form.
1) Many foreign tourists [to travel] in our country at present. 2) A person with a good education usually [to get] a better job. 3) The train is late because the workers [to repair] the track. 4) As a rule the workers [to repair] the track in summer. 5) Look! Two aircrafts [to fly] in the dark sky. 6) This fast train always [to arrive] on schedule. 7) This section of track [to need] reconstruction. 7) The problem of ecology [to become] one of the most important problems for mankind now. 8) Englishmen very seldom [to talk] on the Underground. They [to prefer] to read newspapers. 9) My TV set [to work] better now because we have installed the external antenna. 10) I can’t talk to you because I [to hurry]. 11) The phone [to ring]. Can you answer it? 12) The arrow of compass always [to point] to the North. 13) Nowadays the railways in the USA [to transport] only 0.6 per cent of passengers. 14) … all these passengers [to wait] for the suburban train arrival? 15) … you often [to receive] letters from your former group-mates? 16) Please, don’t make much noise. The students [to write] a test. 17) … he usually [to buy] one-way or round trip tickets? 18) What berth … you [to prefer] to travel by? 19) Where is John? – He [to meet] his friends at the airport. 20) What platform …our train [to depart] from? 21) What … you [to look for]? – I [to look for] my umbrella. Look out of the window, it [to rain] cats and dogs.
Ex.18. Past Indefinite Active or Past Continuous Active? Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense form.
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