Change Active Constructions into Passive

1. By the XX century, the world’s railroads have reached a very high level of their development.

2. Engineers designed sophisticated signaling and traffic control systems.

3. Railroads are using new types of motive power.

4. Railroad engineers worked out larger and more specialized freight cars.

5. The use of continuous welded rails has greatly improved vehicles’ riding qualities and has essentially reduced maintenance costs.

6. France pioneered a basically new railroad electrification program in the second half of the XX century.

7. Engineers used the latest scientific technologies to design high-performance track structure and rolling stock.

8. In the 1990’s, China, Russia and India were carrying out new trunk route construction programs.

9. Russia laid the Baikal – Amur Magistral (BAM) on permafrost territory.

10. BAM carried the first trains in 1989.

11. Japan designed the first high-speed passenger trains in the world.

12. The Japanese authorities opened the first Shinkansen line in October 1964.

13. France completed its TGV line between Paris and Lyon in October 1983.

14. A rail tunnel under the English Channel joined the high-speed rail networks of England and France.

15. Germany plans to use its top-speed trains in the most heavily trafficked corridor.

16. Italy established a mixed holding company to build high-speed passenger routes between Florence and Milan and from Rome to Naples.

17. In 1992, Spain constructed the Madrid – Seville Line and used a standard European gauge.

18. Canada is studying a proposal to build a high-speed rail system to connect Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto.

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