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Read the extract and complete it using the correct form (Active or Passive) of the verbs in brackets
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So called tram tracks were the forerunners of railways. Along them mine carts (transport) with horses or people as tractive power. They (use) at European mines as far as XVI century. The track (look) either like a groove in stone or (make) of timber. To keep timber from wear it (cover) with iron strips. Later it suggested an idea to use iron rails. The first metal rails in the world (use) by K.D.Frolov. At the time he (work) the Zmeinogorsk mine in the Altai.
4.2 Analyze the function of the word “it” in the following sentences and translate them into Russian
1. It was K.D. Frolov, who built the first tram-ways in Russia to link the mines and the works.
2. You can look up the time-table in the office. It is open the whole day.
3. It was R.K. Frolov, who constructed a line with cast-iron rails in 1809.
4. It was he, who used elliptical rails and not angular ones.
5. It is easy to transmit electric power, therefore it is more advantageous to use electric locomotives than steam ones.
6. It is extremely important to keep all equipment moving over the track in perfect condition.
7. It was very difficult to push into an overcrowded passenger car.
8. When the railroad gauges were different, it was necessary for the freight and passengers to be transferred from one car to another at all points where there was a change of gauges.
9. It was the introduction of a standard gauge in 1851 that made railway communication in Russia easier, more convenient and much more economical.
10. It was the beginning of the Trans-Siberian Railway that promoted the development of the distant parts of Russia.
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