Exercises to the text. I. Spell and transcribe the following words:

I. Spell and transcribe the following words:

establishment, ancient, though, features, historian, ubiquitous, accepted, announcement.

II. Find in Text 2 English equivalents for the following words and phrases and write them out:

начальные формы влияния на общественность; услуги пресс-релиз; отделы по связям с общественностью; спорный; древние цивилизации; движение за отмену рабства; привело к преувеличенно внимательному исследованию; сплотиться для поддержки внутри страны; основатель связей с общественностью; получить полное признание; коммерческий интерес со стороны общественности; демонизировать врагов; европейские филиалы; сделали вывод; пресс-релизы СМИ; стала повсеместной; влияние общественных медиа; заинтересованные стороны получали информацию; средства массовой информации; объявления компании в своём корпоративном блоге.

III. Answer the following questions using the words and phrases from Exercise II:

1. When was the Publicity Bureau established? 2. How is it considered in most textbooks? 3. Have academics found early forms of public influence and communications management in ancient civilizations? 4. Who is considered the founder of public relations in the United Kingdom? 5. What countries was propaganda used by to rally for domestic support and demonize enemies during the World Wars? 6. Who was Edward Bernays in common repute? 7. Why is the second half of the 1900s considered the professional development building era of public relations? 8. When did press release services begin offering social media press releases? 9. What did the Cluetrain Manifesto predict? 10. When did the effect of social media and new internet technologies become broadly accepted? 11. How many theses did The Manifesto consist of? 12. Why did it conclude that markets had become " smarter and faster than most companies"? 13. What did the development of the press into a more real-time media lead to? 14. What was Richard Nixon criticized for? 15. What effected PR strategies and tactics?

Unit I Public Relations

IV. Complete the following sentences:

1. Academic Noel Turnball believes PR was founded in Britain first by…... 2. Many American companies with PR departments spread the practice to Europe when they created ……. 3. According to historian Eric Goldman, by the 1940s public relations was being taught ……. 4. The Cluetrain Manifesto was ……. 5. By 2006, the effect of social media and new internet technologies became ……. 6. The practice of public relations became ubiquitous to reach ……. 7. Companies started routinely making company announcements …….

V. Retell the text.