Lesson 1.

Introduction to rocks

Матеріали до практичних занять з навчальної дисципліни

«Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням)»

спеціальності 5.070705 «Пошук та розвідка геологічними методами», ІІІ семестр

Укладач: Головська О.Є.

Lesson 1.

Grammar: To be, to have, personal, possessive pronouns.

What are rocks?

Rocks are all around you. You see them in cliffs, the seashore and in the ground. Rocks are hard, solid parts of the Earth. Rocks can take many different shapes and forms. They can also be sohard that you'd have to usea sledgehammer to break them, or so soft that they will crumble between your thumb and forefinger. The reason for this is that rocks are a mixture of substances which can be tightly glued together or very weakly held together. Some rocks can form relatively quickly while others form over millions of years. They are mainly made up of mineral grains but can contain clay and organic material. They can also contain smaller pieces of other rock.

There are more than 2500 kinds of mineral. Scientists can tell each one by its colour, hardness, crystal shape and the way it reflects light. Gold, silver, diamonds and rubies are minerals. So are the clays used to make pottery and the graphite in your pencil lead.

Remember the words:

rock – гірська порода soft – м’який hard – твердий shape – форма form – форма, різновид mixture – суміш to form – формувати (ся), утворювати (ся) mineral grains – мінеральні зерна clay – глина substance – речовина to use – користуватися to crumble - кришитися to glue – клеїти, приклеювати to contain – містити в собі

Answer the questions:

1. Why do you use a sledgehammer to break some rocks?

2. Which rocks crumble in your fingers?

3. What is the reason for such a difference?

4. How long do different rocks form?

5. What do rocks consist of?

6. What can rocks contain?

Exercise1. Make the following interrogative and negative:

1). Rocks are of different forms. 2). This rock is hard. 3). These rocks are soft. 4). This rock is a mixture of substances. 5). This substance is hard. 6). These substances are tightly glued together. 7). Rocks are made up of mineral grains. 8). This is clay. 9). These are organic materials. 10). There are separate pieces of smaller rock.

Exercise2. Make up 5 questions with have you/we/they and 5 with has he/she/it. Let your fellow students answer.