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Introductory verbs
| Introductory verbs | Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
| Verb + to-infinitive | ||
| agree demand offer promise refuse threaten claim | ‘Yes, I’ll come with you.’ ‘Tell me everything.’ ‘Would you like me to carry it? ’ ‘I’ll study more.’ ‘No, I won’t come with you.’ ‘Behave yourself or I’ll punish you’ ‘I heard her say that.’ | He agreed to come with me. He demanded to be told everything. Heoffered to carry it. He promised to study more. He refused to come with me. He threatened to punish me if I didn’t behave myself. He claimed to have heard her say that. |
| Verb + smb +to infinitive | ||
| advise allow / permit ask beg command encourage forbid instruct invite order remind urge warn want | ‘You should write a complaint.’ ‘You can use my phone.’ ‘You may speak now.’ ‘Please, put it away.’ ‘Please, please help me.’ ‘Fire.’ ‘Go ahead, phone your lawyer.’ ‘You mustn’t eat sweets.’ ‘Insert the card and wait for the machine to open.’ ‘Would you like to come to my house? ’ ‘Sit down immediately.’ ‘Don’t forget to pay the bill.’ ‘Finish your work.’ ‘Don’t touch this switch.’ ‘I’d like you to go out.’ | He advised me to write a complaint. He allowed (permitted) me to use his phone. / He permitted me to speak. He asked me put it away. He begged me to help him. He commanded the soldiers to fire. He encouraged me to phone my lawyer. He forbade me to eat sweets. He instructed me to insert the card and wait for the machine to open. He invited me to go to his house. He ordered me to sit down immediately. He reminded me to pay the bill. He urged me to finish my work. He warned me not to touch the switch. He wanted me to go out. |
| Verb + -ing form | ||
| accuse smb of apologise for admit (to) boast about / of complain to smb about / of deny insist on suggest | ‘You broke the vase.’ ‘I’m sorry I upset you.’ ‘Yes, I lied to her.’ ‘I am better than you.’ ‘You never tidy up.’ ‘No, I didn’t steal the car.’ ‘You must wear warm clothes.’ ‘Let’s go to the theatre.’ | He accused me of breaking / having broken the vase. He apologised for upsetting / having upsetme. He admitted (to) lying / having lied to her. He boasted about being better than me. He complained to me about my never tidying up. He denied stealing / having stolen the car. He insisted on me/my wearing warm clothes. He suggested going to the theatre. |
| Verb + that-clause | ||
| agree boast claim complain deny exclaim / remark explain (tosmb) inform smb | ‘Yes, it’s a beautiful hat.’ ‘I’m a brilliant lawyer.’ ‘I know the answer.’ ‘You never listen to me.’ ‘I’ve never spoken to her.’ ‘It’s wonderful.’ ‘It’s an easy recipe to follow.’ ‘You will be called for an interview.’ | He agreed that it was a beautiful hat. He boasted that he was a brilliant lawyer. He claimed that he knew the answer. He complained that I never listened to him. He denied that he had ever spoken to her. He exclaimed / remarked that it was wonderful. He explained that it was an easy recipe to follow. He informed me that I would be called for an interview. |
| explain to smb + how | ‘This is how you make it, ’ | He explained to me how to make it. |
| wonder where / what / why / how + clause | He asked himself, ‘How can she reached the top? He asked himself, ‘Where is Joan? ’ He asked himself, ‘Why is she crying? ’ He asked himself, ‘What is she doing? ’ | He wondered how she could reach the top. He wondered where Joan was. He wondered why she was crying. He wondered what she was doing. |
1. Complete the sentences.
1. ‘You should spend more time studying.’ The teacher advised ____________________________. 2. ‘Don’t forget to lock the door before you leave.’ James reminded _________________. 3. ‘I am sorry I forgot to call you.’ He apologised _____________________. 4. ‘You never listen to me, Stuart.’ Mary complained ______________________. 5. ‘Shall we go bowling this evening? ’ Mark suggested _____________________. 6. ‘You mustn’t play near the road.’ Father forbade ___________________. 7. ‘This man stole my wallet! ’ Mr Gray accused __________________. 8. ‘I’m the best basketball player in our university.’ Steve boasted __________________. 9. ‘Yes, I took the letter.’ Clare admitted ________________. 10. ‘You must stay for lunch, Sarah.’ Mrs Stamp insisted _________________________. 11. ‘Please, please, let me borrow your bicycle.’ Martin begged _______________________. 12. ‘Don’t touch the oven. It’s hot.’ He warned _______________________.
2. Fill in the gaps with one of the introductory verbs from the list below.
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