Polysyllabic Words

Ex.4. University, artillery, responsibility, family, article, America, illuminate, personage, academy, possible, ornament, mineral, miracle, political, thunderous, activity, murderous, unity, articulate, interval, republican, Saturday, holiday, absolute, telephone.

Ex.5. Capable - capability, centralize - centralization, convertible – convertibility, cordial – cordiality, dominate – domination, execute – execution, electrify – electrification, generous – generosity, improbable – improbability, justify – justification, vaporize – vaporization, particular – particularity, opposite – opposition, opportunity, mutable – mutability.

‘oa’

[qV]: boast, coach, coat, foam, groan, loaf – loaves, oak, oath, oat, road, roast, soap, toad.

But! broad [brO: d], abroad [q'brO: d].

Ex.8. I’m fed up hearing Jan b oa st about her new job. Wash thoroughly with s oa p and water. They spend all day l oa fing around on street corners. Her first play got r oa sted by the critics. We live just down the r oa d. The knights swore an oa th of loyalty to their king. Put on your c oa t. T oa d is a large frog. The kids all gr oa ned when I switched off the TV. Buy two l oa ves of bread, please. The track was 3 metres broad. Val woke up with a sore thr oa t.

‘oar’

[O: ]: boar, oar, roar, soar, board, coarse, hoard, hoarse.

Ex.9. Jim’s skin was c oar se from years of working outdoors. The rocket s oar ed into orbit. Can I put this notice on the b oar d? We heard a lion r oar. Take the oar and row the boat. His voice was h oar se from laughing. He kept a little h oar d of chocolates in his top drawer.

Ex.10. r oa d – r oa r s oa k – s oa r oa k – oa r br oa d - l oa th

c oa st – c oa rse b oa t – b oa r b oa st – b oa rd g oa l – h oa rd

‘ow’

[ə ʊ ]: tow, mow, stow, bowl, snow, own;

[aʊ ]: clown, how, owl, howl, cow, town, tower, towel, power, vow, crown, crowd, gown.

NB! ‘Row’: [rə ʊ ] ряд, гребля - [raʊ ] шум, шуметь;

‘bow’: [bə ʊ ] лук, смычок – [baʊ ] поклон.

Ex.11. Frankie was a bit a cl ow n – always joking. It sn ow ed all night. Where is my dressing g ow n? Mix all the ingredients thoroughly in a b ow l. The motor is p ow ered by a solar battery. How much do you ow e? He left the company to start the business of his ow n. Why would the ow l h ow l? You can st ow your gear under the bed. The Empress was cr ow ned ten years ago. It’s time to m ow the lawn again. He v ow ed to kill his wife’s lover. Can you give us a t ow? He b ow ed before the king. - Robin Hood’s men used b ow s and arrows to shoot. The children were asked to stay in a r ow. – The news caused a terrible family r ow.

‘ea’

[i: ]: sea, meal, meat, pea, bean; a lot of

[e] + d, t, th, lth: brea d, threa t, wea th er, stea lth; exceptions!!!

[eɪ ] + k: break, steak + great.

Ex.12. Don’t thr eat en me! Birds of a f eath er flock together. Early to bed and early to rise, makes the man h ealth y, w ealth y and wise. He’s d ead. He’s deaf. My h ead aches. We’ve had some dr ead ful w eath er lately. The d eath of his mother was a great shock. H eath er grows in Scotland.

They filled him full of lead. - You lead and we’ll follow.

I’ve read it twice. - Read the text.

Beads of sw eat stood out on his brow. The stove takes a while to heat up. Brazil were beaten in the final 2 – 1.

To deal – dealt – dealt; to mean – meant – meant.

‘ear’

[ɪ ə ]: ear, dear, gear, fear, hear, tear (слезы), rear, year, clear, beard; before

[eə ]: bear, pear, tear (рвать), wear; final ‘r’

[ɜ: ]: heard, hearse, learn, earn, earl, early, earnest, earth, pearl, search; before ‘r’ +

[ɑ ː: ]: heart, hearth. cons. letter

Ex.13. John whispered something to Nan’s ear. Her ear ly life was miserably unhappy. He ear ns n ear ly $20, 000 a y ear. He is such an ear nest young man! The space shuttle is returning to ear th. Oh, I can’t b ear that man – he has a b ear d! Tears just rolled down his face. – Be careful you don’t tear your sleeve. I’m s ear ching for a cl ear room. My h ear t beats each time I h ear of p ear ls.

‘gh’

-igh: [aɪ ] – high, thigh, sigh, nigh;

-ight: [aɪ t] – fight, might, right, night, knight, fright, light, slight, plight, bight;

-eigh: [eɪ ] – sleigh, neigh, neighbour;

-eight: [aɪ t] – height, sleight;

[eɪ t] - weight, eight;

-ough: [ʌ f] – tough, enough, rough, slough;

[ɑ ː f] – laugh, laughter;

[ u: ] – through;

[ə ʊ ] – though, although, dough;

[aʊ ] – plough, sough;

[ə ] – thorough, thoroughly, borough.

-ought: [ɔ ː: t] – ought, fought, bought, nought;

[aʊ t] – drought;

-aught: [ɔ ː: t] – caught, slaughter, daughter, fraught, naughty;

‘-tre’

[ə ]: lustre, centre, theatre, sombre, ogre, sabre, timbre, cadre, massacre, nacre, spectre;

But! genre['ʒ ʌ nrə ].

‘sc-’

[s]: sc e ne, sc i ssors, Sc y lla;

[sk]: scan, scale;

Ex.14. Sc ald, sc ene, sc ale, sc alp, sc andal, sc anner, sc ar, sc ience, sc arcely, sc are, sc arf, sc arlet, sc ientist, sc old, sc ooter, sc ope, sc issors, sc ore, Sc ot, sc otch, sc oundrel, sc enery, sc out, sc orpion, sc ent, sc rabble, sc rap, sc rape, sc enic, sc ratch, sc rawl, sc ream, sc ythe, sc reen, sc rew, sc ribble, sc eptre, sc ribe, sc ript, sc roll, sc rutinize, sc ull, sc ulpture.

‘ch’

[tʃ ]: ea ch, ch ildren, tea ch er;

[k]: e ch o, ch aracter = russian ‘х’.

Ex.15. Ch aracter, te ch nique, ch oir, ch orus, ch aos, ch emistry, ch olera, Ch rist, Ch ristian, ch ronicle, ch arisma, ch rome, te ch nology, me ch anical, s ch eme, e ch o.

‘kn-, gn-’

[n]: kn it, gn ome.

Ex.16. Stop gn ashing your teeth. My kn ave beats your ten. Kn ead the dough for three minutes. We kn elt on the floor to have a good look at the map. A rat gn awed a hole in the box. They had various kn ick- kn acks on the top of the bookcase. Success or failure is balanced on a kn ife-edge. A gn ome is a little old man who lives under the ground and guards gold and jewels. She ‘s kn itting me a sweater. We spent the week-end in the country among gn ats. Why don’t you kn ock before you come in? Can you help me undo this kn ot? Do you kn ow where to go? His kn owledge of ancient civilizations is unrivalled.

‘-ng, -nk, -nc, -nx’

Ex.17. Wro ng, fu nc tion, sphi nx, le ng th, hu ng ry, ju nc tion, pi ng -po ng, lu ng s, co ng ress, fi ng er, insti nc t, tha nk, bri ng, a nk le, a nx ious, si ng le, pu nc tual, ki ng, ba ng, E ng land, dra nk, a nx iety, a ng ry, ra nk, u nc le, ju ng le.

Ex.18. to sing – singing – singer young – younger – the youngest His voice was full of anger.

to hang – hanging – hanger long – longer – the longest The taste lingers in your mouth.

to ring – ringing – ringer strong – stronger – the strongest The sand run through her fingers.

Babies often cry from hunger. The languor of a hot afternoon.

‘wh-’

[h]: who, whole, whom, whose, whore;

[w]: white, whale, where, whoop, why, etc.

Ex.19. Who did you stay with? On the whole, life was much quieter after John left. She brought with her three friends, none of whom I’d ever met before. Whose house is this?

There was a sudden wh o osh of flame and then a big bang. Wh o ops! I nearly dropped it. The criminal was identified by the wh o rls of his finger-prints.I’ve wh ittled down the list of people from 30 to 16. The snowflakes wh irled around as they fell to the ground. Wh at are you two wh ispering about over there? For goodness sake stop wh ining! She wh eeled her bike into the garage. Wh ere does he come from?