General Scientific Method and Scientific Research

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации

«Волгоградский государственный технический университет»

Кафедра «Иностранные языки»

Master Students English Professional Training

Методические указания по развитию компетенций
делового общения и поискового чтения аутентичных текстов экономико-технического профиля

Профессиональный английский язык для магистров

экономических специальностей

Компьютерная версия

Волгоград 2013

ББК Ш143.

Рецензент: кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Е.В. Новоженина

Master Students English Professional Training. Методические указания по развитию компетенций делового общения и поискового чтения аутентичных текстов экономико - технического профиля для магистров. Английский язык. / Сост.: В.А. Пахарукова, О.А. Евтушенко, Т.С. Брыжина, Л.А.Заворуева, Н.В. Стрепетова, – Волгоград: ВолгГТУ, 2013 - с.32.

Компьютерная версия

Методические указания

© Волгоградский государственный технический университет, 2013.

MODERN SCIENCE TENDENCY

Task1. A) Read the text paying attention to the words underlined.

General Scientific Method and Scientific Research

Scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. The Oxford English Dictionarysays that scientific method is " a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses ".

Scientific inquiry is generally intended to be as objective as possible, to reduce biased interpretations of results. Another basic expectation is to document, archive and share all data and methodology so they are available for careful scrutiny by other scientists, giving them the opportunity to verify results by attempting to reproduce them. This practice, called full disclosure, also allows statistical measures of the reliability of these data to be established.

A hypothesis is a suggested explanation of a phenomenon, a reasoned proposal suggesting a possible correlation between or among a set of phenomena.
Normally hypotheses have the form of a mathematical model. Sometimes they can also be formulated as existential statements, stating that some particular instance of the phenomenon being studied has some characteristic and causal explanations, which have the general form of universal statements, stating that every instance of the phenomenon has a particular characteristic.

Scientists are free to use whatever resources they have — their own creativity, ideas from other fields, induction, and so on — to imagine possible explanations for a phenomenon under study.